Summary notes Billy elliot

Purpose Present viewers with the realities of being different Changing pre-conceptions towards themes of gender and sexuality through a story of a young boy dealing with these issues Encourages acceptance and breaking free from stereotypes Links to ‘Into the World' Young people have ability to rise against prejudice and overcome obstacles to become a success as they move into adulthood E. G. Billy reluctantly participating in boxing to please his father (obstacles) 0 naturally drawn to ballet which is contrasted to Tony's violent, defiant character (e. Riot scene where Tony attempts to evade the police and Is captured and beaten) with Billy's quiet and gentle persona to demonstrate different ways In which young people transition Into adulthood. Billy does not fit the male stereotype expected from the working class Love of music and dancing that separates him from other boys his age His dream is to possibly escape the angry, motherless family through Mrs.. Wilkinson suggestion f or the Royal Ballet School. He responds to the loss of his mother with grief, opposing the angry, silent espouses of Tony and Jackie.He experiences difficult situations for an eleven year old though responds with courage, passion and determination. This affirms Mrs.. Wilkinson advice that: â€Å"It's not about what you know†¦ It's about how you move, how you express yourself,† Aftermath of Billy's experiences of growing up and moving into the world are positive and negative Positive: Achieves his goal to be a dancer and surpass the restrictions of the congested town Negative: Criticism of schoolmates and family 0 must hide his passion from the worldThe piano that belonged to Billy's mother acts as a symbol of hope and escape for Billy E. G. Jackie yells at Billy to stop playing, foreshadowing the negative impact that his father's anger will have on Billy in his search for beauty. E. G. When Jackie cuts up the piano for firewood on Christmas, Billy asks â€Å"Do you thin k she'll mind? † â€Å"Shut it Billy, she's dead'. Here, the destruction of the piano symbolizes Billy's destroyed hopes to escape through music and dance.Music Main genre punk rock to capture feelings of angst and frustration towards poverty ND prejudice they experienced Upbeat pop rock is included when Billy succeeds creating tone of excitement e. G. Hiding the ballet shoes under the bed Non-dietetic music used to symbolism change in Billy e. G. Dancing through the streets with ballet slippers around his neck, paralleling previous images of him with boxing gloves similarly positioned, combined with uplifting music 0 change in attitude and direction in life for Billy. Dietetic music used to show Billy's growing happiness e.

‘Afternoons’ by Philip Larkin and ‘Churning Day’ by Seamus Heaney Essay

There are only a few similarities between ‘Afternoons’, by Philip Larkin, and ‘Churning Day’, by Seamus Heaney. These feature mainly in the structure of the two poems. They both use enjambment for the whole length of the poem, with just one end-stopped line present in each. Enjambment gives both poems a sense of continuous movement. This is appropriate in ‘Churning Day’ as it represents the motion of the person churning the butter. It also makes the voice of ‘Churning Day’ sound out of breath, as if they are breathing in the middle of sentences, also suitable as they have just ‘slugged and thumped for hours’. The sense of motion is appropriate in ‘Afternoons’ as the poem is about transience from childhood love and innocence to marriage and the hassles and mundane nature of everyday life. Although there is no rhyme scheme in either poem, Philip Larkin uses many words such as ‘bordering’, ‘lying’ and ‘pushing’ with the same endings. This is used as a rhyme scheme, not only to keep the poem flowing but also to add a sense of monotony that now prevails in the women’s lives. As the poem flows more it makes it sound like Larkin’s own thoughts as he observes these ‘young mothers†¦setting free their children’. The lack of rhyme scheme is used to give the reader the impression of free flowing thought or speech again in ‘Churning Day’. This is appropriate as it is a memory. It is clear that it is a happy memory for Heaney as he can remember so much of it, and although he remembers the ‘acrid’ stench of the house after churning day, he talks of the butter as ‘gold flecks’ and ‘coagulated sunlight’, which are pleasant and fond memories. It was a happy memory as the family got together to help, as his ‘mother took first turn’ and he talks of more people, saying ‘we moved’ and ‘our brains’, thus showing a pleasant feeling of togetherness. The emotions in the voices of the poems are very different. Although Heaney writes in a sensuous manner about the family event of churning day, clearly remembering the ‘plash and gurgle of the sour-breathed milk’ and the house as ‘acrid as a sulphur mine’, Larkin does not talk so fondly. The first line talks of summer ‘fading’ but Larkin could be using this as a metaphor for the prime of these mothers’ young lives disappearing. Summer fades into autumn, when everything begin to die and age, similar to what is happening to these young women. Lovers who ‘are all in school’ have replaced them in  their courting places and they regimentally ‘assemble’ ‘in the hollows of afternoons’. He talks as if everything is lost and they now follow a set regime around their children and their lives seem empty with these ‘hollows’. He talks of the ‘trees bordering the new recreation ground’ as if they are guards who trap the women in this monotonous lifestyle. The novelty of life and love has worn off for the ‘young mothers’ although they have the luxuries of television, that is where ‘the albums, lettered Our Wedding’ have been discarded. Their children ‘expect to be taken home’ and spend time finding ‘unripe acorns’. The idea of ‘unripe acorns’ suggests that the women were not ready for marriage and commitment and the responsibility of their children, who are ‘pushing them to the side of their own lives’. The thrills of love and setting up home have worn off, unlike in ‘Churning Day’ where as Seamus Heaney sounds excited and eager to see the butter form. In this way, however, they are similar. In the past the ‘young mothers’ must have been excited and eager too, but to see the relationships and marriage form, to set up home and have children. The wedding day is like the moment the butter starts to form, but as in ‘Churning Day’ there are consequences. The boredom of life and responsibilities brought about by children are like the ‘stink’ in the house ‘long after churning day’. The brains of the people in Heaney’s household were ‘full of clean deal churns’, able to think of nothing else but churning day, as the young women’s lives are filled with the mundane responsibilities of married life and children.

Amino Acid Phenylalanine Applications

Amino Acid Phenylalanine Applications Phenylalanine is an electrically neutral amino acid with the chemical formula C9H11NO2. This essential amino acid is one of 20 building blocks of proteins in humans. Due to its benzyl group, phenylalanine is hydrophobic. Since its discovery in 1879, phenylalanine has been studied for its antidepressant and analgesic effects. The synthesis of phenylalanine is complex and does not occur in mammals. The metabolism of phenylalanine produces various hormones and neurotransmitters. Genetic mutations can result in several disorders relating to the metabolism of phenylalanine. This report will identify the biological importance of the amino acid phenylalanine by examining its history, uses, metabolic pathways and disorders, and biological synthesis. Discovery and History Schulze and Barbieri discovered phenylalanine in plant sprouts in 1879. The researchers extracted phenylalanine copper salts from Lupinus Zuteus seedlings, which were refined to isolate phenylalanine (â€Å"L-Phenylalanine ,† n.d.). Before 1940, research on phenylalanine did not describe its biological metabolism during the formation of tyrosine. Womack and Rose showed the essentiality and dependence on phenylalanine in the diet of rats. Dietary intake of tyrosine in the rats was deemed nonessential. Evidence from the trials proved that phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine, but phenylalanine cannot be synthesized from tyrosine (Matthews, 2007). The discovery of the codon of phenylalanine was a significant breakthrough in determining the relationship between messenger ribonucleic acid and protein production. In 1961, Matthaei and Nirenberg repeatedly inserted uracil nucleotides into E. coli bacteria, producing long phenylalanine peptide chains. The researchers deduced that the codons for phenylalanine include UUU and UUC (â€Å"Phenylalanine,† 2009). In the 1960s, a more efficient method of phenylalanine production resulted in the large-scale fermentation of phenylalanine. This metho d was incorporated into the nutritional supplement and drug industries (â€Å"L-Phenylalanine,† n.d.). Phenylalanine supplements are currently used to treat depression, chronic pain, Parkinson’s disease, and vitiligo (â€Å"Supplements with Similar,† n.d.). Since 1981, aspartame has been used as a food additive in Canada. Aspartame degrades through metabolism and digestion to form phenylalanine. Phenylalanine has recently been under intense scrutiny due to its elevated levels in aspartame, and the occurrence of phenylketonuria (â€Å"Aspartame,† 2005). Importance and Uses Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid in the diet of humans. Mammals cannot form benzene rings, therefore limiting the biosynthesis of phenylalanine in humans (Kretchmer & Etzwiler, 1958). Phenylalanine is important in amino acid metabolism and the synthesis of structural proteins in tissue. The concentrations of phenylalanine control the amounts of other electrically neutral amino ac ids in the brain (Humphries, Pretorius, & Naude, 2007). Phenylalanine is an essential building block for many hormones and neurotransmitters. Phenylalanine is converted into DOPA, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylethylamine, and phenylacetate (Humphries et al., 2007). Depression can be treated with phenylalanine medication. Treatment of oral and intravenous application of deprenyl plus phenylalanine has significant antidepressant action (Birkmayer, Linauer, Riederer, & Knoll, 1984). While many natural health and nutritional companies claim D-phenylalanine is effective in chronic pain reduction, clinical studies have determined no significant analgesic results (Walsh, Ramamurthy, Schoenfeld, & Hoffman, 1986). L-DOPA, a molecule composed of a phenylalanine base, has been used as a symptom repressor in Parkinson’s disease for over fifty years. In 1967, Cortzias showed in his report on Parkinson’s disease, that L-DOPA has a noteworthy rehabilitative quality in reducing rigidity and akinesia (McDowell & Lee, 1970). The major problem of Parkinson’s disease is lowered levels of dopamine in the brain due to trauma or dysfunction of dopaminergic cells. Administered L-DOPA is able to cross the blood-brain barrier for conversion into dopamine, thus increasing dopamine levels (â€Å"Oxidation of L-dopa,† 2002). Current research suggests that phenylalanine administration along with ultraviolet radiation aids in vitiligo patients. The phenylalanine absorbs the radiation resulting in slight pigmentation changes in the skin (â€Å"Supplements with Similar,† n.d.).

Workplace Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workplace Conflict - Essay Example Some are little that are resolved in no time with a little communication (Cahn & Abigail, 2007); while, some are big enough that a mediator is needed to resolve them. The mediator comes with his own mediation plans and strategies to work out the problems between the parties involved. In organizational context, conflict occurs due to a number of reasons. Conflicts may happen among employees of the same level but mostly conflicts arise when job satisfaction decreases at the employees’ part (Masters & Albright, 2002). This makes the employees enter into trouble with the management or higher officials. They may go on strikes or do other sorts of protests. Major conflicts occur when, for example, employees experience gender discrimination, work overload, forced overtime, short deadlines, and no opportunities for promotion, reward or compensation. These factors reduce job security and the employees suffer from work related stress. Other major causes may include dissatisfactory wages and salaries, and poor communication between the management and employees due to which the latter feel that their problems are not being considered. Also, when employees feel that they are not being able to participate in the decision-making process, they may acquire conflicting views about the project at hand. All of these conflicts may get serious enough to be requiring a mediation plan for resolution (Moore, 2003). No matter the conflict is small or big, the management should make serious efforts to resolve it as soon as possible so that employees do not lose their morale (Dana, 2001; Wimot & Hocker, 2007). My Experience This section of the paper describes a work related conflict that I experienced at my workplace. I am a teacher at a community college. As I stated, most conflicts occur due to unfair treatment or policy changes from the management side, this incident also involves a conflict between the assistant principal and I. It was about the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). For reader’s information, the major responsibility of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is to make accommodations for disabled employees, under the title I of the Act. ADA makes sure that the disabled employees do not have to face discrimination by their seniors or co-workers when they are at the workplace. In order to get protection by ADA, the individual must have a disability which is defined by the Act as â€Å"a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities† (U.S. Department of Justice, 2005). All persons who have in their medical history that they have been or are going through such a disability, or people perceive him as disabled, are accommodated by this Act. My college had also included this Act in its major policies regarding the selection and employment of teachers. Last year, when my college announced vacancies for professors, I was appointed to interview the candidates for selection. I ha d to select three candidates for a project. Two of the candidates I selected were medically and academically fit for the job, but the third one whom I selected, Mr. Harrison, was obese. His academic career was excellent. I selected him on the seat of disabled persons so that he could be given all the facilities that an obese employee would require in performing his job in a better way. Also, Title I of the Act clearly states that all the employers who have at least fifteen employees working under them, must give equal chances of employment to qualified disabled persons as well so that they get all the benefits that the organization is giving to the otherwise fit persons. To me, Mr. Harrison was a physically disabled person according to the Act because his weight was hindering with his job performance, as was the definition of

Performance Review Takes a Page from Facebook Research Paper

Performance Review Takes a Page from Facebook - Research Paper Example It is because of this that this essay seeks to establish the reality on these matters. It is very untenable to posit that regular conversations with employees and familiarity with their stand can overwrite the need for performance evaluation. First, it is likely that these regular conversations also include both formal and informal discourse. Informal discourse does no constitute the frameworks of performance evaluation. Conversely, taking regular conversations and an employees’ acquaintance with their stand is akin to taking an individual’s words for a fact. What an employee says he has done is not what may be the reality. Many are the cases when employees have assured their bosses that they have finished a project, to save face, and with the hope of finishing the project before the boss asks for it. Performance evaluation also factors several measures and frameworks that conversations and familiarity may not capture, the degree of regularity and familiarity notwithsta nding. First, performance evaluation should be carried out on regular basis (for instance, at the end of a fiscal year) and should be facilitated by the human resources (HR) management or a supervisor. It is debatable if the boss will follow through the frameworks that entail performance evaluation, due to the impromptu nature of a conversation. In a closely related wavelength, performance evaluation becomes only meaningful with a performance target in mind or at hand. Even if the boss may have this in mind, it is a fact that his mind will not contain all the specific frameworks of performance evaluation. It is very unlikely that the employer or the boss will keep every employee’s performance target, in order to make sensible performance appraisal. Performance evaluation also meaningful if it factors it is followed up with proper correctional action. Because there would be no proper performance appraisal, it follows that such conversations will not capture proper correctional measures such as workshop drives and training programs, or the degree to which they should be carried out. Question 2 When one looks at the possible effectiveness of the social network performance review to veterans, baby boomers, Gen X, and Gen Y, one realizes that there are changes that have taken place. For the veterans and the baby boomers, it is clear that conventional type of social network performance was used, in lieu of the online social networks. This is because the world had not yet become acquainted to the Worldwide Web. Generation Y and X began using social networks to perpetuate organizational goals, earlier and more frequently than the baby boomers and the veterans due to age. For instance, the veterans (1922-1943) always value clarity and consistency in respect to rules, performance standards and decision making processes. This generation may therefore need clarification on what it is actually expect of it, when introducing social network performance. Baby boomers ( 1944-60) in turn will also realize positive social network performance reviews since this group likes being in control. Generation X (1961-1980) may also register positive social network performance review since it has the ability to flexibly balance work arrangements and work balance. This group also has ready access to exciting and meaningful work choices. Generation Y (1981-2000) may also register pleasing social network performance review since it has a knack for teamwork, fast decision making and self-motivation. Question 3: Justification

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Ethics - Essay Example Since infant walkers have hit the market, parents ran out and purchased the product. In 1992 30,000 injuries were related to the product and eventually the product was banned in 1994. Upon being banned makers were aware that the market for the product was out there because of the freedom it allowed infants and the way parents responded according to sales. What this meant for manufactures was that the product still had potential to make a nice amount of profit. Just because a product is banned in the United States does not mean that the product could not be sold in other countries. Most manufactures that see a potential market that will allow for large profit will pursue targeting the market. This happens every day and requires that certain individuals make either ethical or unethical business decisions. The infant walker case has many ethical and unethical business decisions behind exporting the product. An agent assigned to the case could be making ethical business decisions by expo rting the product if the agent was unaware of the ban in the United States. The company however would be making the unethical decisions by purposely hiring someone new or someone unaware of the previous injuries resulting from the product. An agent would be acting unethically if they were aware of the previous injuries and how the product has become banned.

MGMT 305 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

MGMT 305 - Case Study Example anagement complain of time wastage, low production, arrogance and lousy attitude from the workers while, the workers protest the poor treatment from the managers. The president has to decide whether to downsize or reinvestment considering the factors like the cost of reinvesting, compensation for the workers in case they are laid off and the time it will take to establish a new premise of sawmilling ( Eckes, pg. 492). The company establishes and grows, if it establishes these group member competencies that lack in Jackson, BC. The organization has to apply strategic conflict resolving, comforting behaviors where the team from the subordinate to the seniors relate in a friendly manner and incase of problems the employer support the workers either financially or emotionally. Teamwork has to prevail in an organized firm where resources and ideas are freely shared. Communication is vital in a company where flow of information must be maintained through memos, messaging e.t.c. Finally, the following Team Environment should be enhanced. Reward system should be introduced on either performance bases or on any other criteria. Also, proper channel of communication should be enhanced. Physical space should be available for individual growth and privacy. Organizational structure should be observed where different department supervise personal department (Eckes, pg.498.). Finally, organizational leadership should always be a key point where the channel of passing command should be

Critically evaluate a specific issue related to the management of Essay

Critically evaluate a specific issue related to the management of paediatric patients with a systemic malignancy - Essay Example emic malignancy treatment in children have indicated that the treatment has particular adverse impacts that present years following the initial treatment termed as late effects. From the conclusions of the reviewed literature, it becomes clearer that management of childhood systemic malignancies have late effects on them as they grow and develop. This paper will seek to discuss the late effects that result from the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors on pediatric patients, in this case regarding their neuro-cognitive development. In addition, because the neuro-cognitive deficits resulting from systemic malignancy management will cause psychosocial deficits, these will also be discussed as part of the paper. Finally, the paper will also briefly discuss how these late effects can be managed to improve the lives of the pediatric patients in later life, which is important because it is recognised that survivors of childhood systemic malignancy need follow-up care. The care model for pediatric systemic malignancy patients revolves around a risk-based approach that incorporates risks based on co-morbid health conditions and lifestyle behaviours (Carroll & Finlay 2010, p. 45). Deficits in neuro-cognitive function are commonly experienced by survivors of childhood systemic malignancy, manifesting in various domains such as language, visual-spatial skills, verbal memory, psychomotor skills, processing speed, executive functioning, concentration, and attention. While Bottomley & Kassner (2003, p. 129) contend that it has also been found that these deficits manifest across academic performance and intellectual functioning, it is important to note that these deficits are only limited to systemic malignancies like brain tumors and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. From the reading, it is probable that this is mostly caused by treatment directed at the CNS and the irreparable damage caused to a growing CNS, which results in neuro-cognitive deficits in later

HW 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

HW 3 - Essay Example Terrorism is the offspring of religious radicalization. Terrorist seem to base their heinous activity on the teachings of prophet and that of the holy book of Quran. The justification, according to the teachings of the holy book is in complete contrast, the holy book asserts saving one life is similar to saving the whole humanity. Osama Bin Laden, the slain doyen of terror group, Al-Qaida, was thought of a man who was constantly on the book could not have not ignored this piece in the book. Terror acts against western countries by Islamic fundamental terror groups has in the past been blamed on the United States occupation if Muslim lands and the United States supposed support to Israel’s occupation of (Palestine Katz, p 18). However, most people feel astounded to link several innocent deaths that are usually lost as a result of those terror attacks. Violence as propagated by the holy Quran is different from the violence meted on innocent life as propagated by the terrorists. The Quran asserts that Jihad must be the war which is waged in the cause and struggle for Allah through a number verses, in fact, the rationale for Jihad was built on the war the Holy prophet waged on his fellow tribe people, the Quaresh who were polytheist and were resisting the influence of the prophets new religious ideologies. In fact, according to one of the revelations the prophet received from Allah he was instructed to inform the masses that violence should only be done as defense and not in offence. It is therefore not in doubt that terrorist are fulfilling other obligations that those were instructed by the holy prophet and the holy book. Terrorism as a current world issue is not synonymous to Jihad propagated by the holy book. The terror groups butchering innocent civilians often used the book teachings to justify such heinous acts. Islam preaches peace

Storm over the Andes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Storm over the Andes - Essay Example This happens through use of violence and threats. Lawlessness is the result of this political radicalism as they like to call it but it has left the country being run by criminals and unscrupulous characters and who now control the power. On the economic front, after the economic breakdown in the 1970s and 1980s, the Latin America economy underwent several reforms and which have seen the economic growth and success of some of these nations. What is evident is the trade liberalization which has been brought about by the neoliberalism. All this however has been at the expense of the poor who are in no way benefiting from this trade liberalization. The immense success of the economy from the 1990s is being overshadowed by the continuing political storm in the area with the trade proceeds being used to conduct more coups and being misused to gain power and control over the region. With time all these economic success will be deemed futile if the current state of political affairs continues. The political and economic trend according to Lora, (2006) has almost been similar since 1970s where economic success or downturn affects the political stand and vice versa and hence these Latin American nations have almost been moving around in circles with no exit being seen in the near future. Fiscal problems in the 1970s brought about the need to change both the political and economic procedures. This led to the coining of the neo liberalism as well as democracy which lasted for a while throughout the 80s and 90s but then again changed. With the success of the economy in terms of trade tariffs, having economic front with other nations leading to elimination of bureaucracies and strengthening of the public administration came the power greed by the fascists and radicalists in the form of criminals and military. Military coups became the order of the day in the 2000s and political assassinations and attempted

Why the Electoral College Is Good Essay Example for Free

Why the Electoral College Is Good Essay â€Å"The ignorance of one voter in a democracy impairs the security of all.† John F. Kennedy. Former President Kennedy expresses how imperative it is that every person has a say in the government. Contention 1: Proper representation is lost. When there is an election, the Electoral College does not give an accurate representation of the people because they vote for representatives, who in reality cast their votes. Not only that, but a candidate can win an election with just 270 electoral votes. South Sea Republic Organization in 2008 explains: â€Å"The Electoral College is an indirect voting mechanism. US citizens vote for representatives who then cast ballots for the US President. The electors do not have to cast their ballots as per the popular will in that state; they can defy the voters if necessary. This was done to protect against tyranny or a noble trying to usurp the democratic system. The convention however is that the electors vote in a block as per the citizen voters’ wishes.† CNN explains: In our current system, the president is elected by the Electoral College and not directly by the people. The number of electoral votes each state receives depends on its population and representatives are chosen to vote on behalf of the people in the state. To win, a candidate has to win 270 electoral votes, which is a majority. If neither candidate gets that, Congress determines who wins. A few times, the American peoples choice for president hasnt actually been elected or represented. The new system would also nationalize the presidential campaign. Contention 2: States are being excluded. Right now, candidates spend most of their time campaigning in battleground states. They do not try to win over voters in small states, such as Ohio and New Hampshire. Oxford University in October of 2011 furthers: By itself, California now has fifty-four electoral votes, making it more valuable to a candidate than sixteen smaller states with three votes each. †¦ Campaigns should allocate a disproportionate amount of their resources to large states because the pivotal voter in a large state has more power to swing the campaign than a similar voter in a small state. According to Northeastern Political Science Association in 2002: â€Å"In terms of state advantages and disadvantages under the contemporary electoral college, it was found that the electoral college in the 1990s contains partially countervailing biases which result in a net advantage to large states as much as 2.663 to one, and a net disadvantage to states with from 3 to 21 electoral votes.† This evidence shows the public that when one person lives in a more populated state, their vote counts more than 2.5 times more than one in a less populated one. This is not fair for the people in the smaller state because they still have as much equal rights than the people who live in larger states. On top of that, the less populated states have a larger disadvantage because the larger states grow at higher rates than others. This reduces the votes that smaller states have. If bigger states like Texas and California gain more people, then the people in smaller states get less representation. Thus, larger states have more power. Contention 3: Electoral College lowers voter turnout: The University of Georgia in 2011 shows that â€Å"Making a statement on the overall effect of the Electoral College system voter turnout is difficultNevertheless, we can make comparisons between the model’s predicted turnout under actual resource allocation and predicted turnout if resources were allocated equally across states. †¦If the number of visits †¦observed across all states in 2004 were allocated so that each state had an equal number of visits and equal media saturation, the average predicted state turnout is .618, an average increase of 3.1% in voter turnout. † In some states, the electoral college system boosts turnout. Competitive states (particularly battleground, but also some leaning states) receive a great deal more campaign activity, as do states with more Electoral College votes, which translates into higher turnout. However, this boost in a few states leaves smaller and less competitive states—the bulk of states in number—wit h lower turnout.

Emerson concepts in ‘Kite Runner’ and ‘Giovanni’s Room’ Essay Example for Free

Emerson concepts in ‘Kite Runner’ and ‘Giovanni’s Room’ Essay â€Å"Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members. † (Emerson. 2) Thus we live in a world, where in order to fit we must ‘conform’ but Emerson believes that â€Å"whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist,† (2) and that â€Å"nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. † (2) Self reliance and independence of thought, which are fundamental to Emerson’s perspective, are integral to the understanding and analysis of the characters in ‘The Kite Runner’ (Hosseini, 2003) and ‘Giovanni’s Room’ (Baldwin, 1956). ‘The Kite Runner,’ is a tale of two boys in 1970’s Kabul; growing up amidst discrimination, bigotry and class structure in society – in this case Afghan society Hassan, a Hazara – a minority group of Afghanis who follow Islamic beliefs called Shi’a – although a friend and half-brother, is a lower-class servant to Amir. Amir, a Pushtun – the majority, who believe they are a better class than the Hazara and who follow the Sunn sect of Islam although raised in the same household and sharing the same wet nurse as Hassan, lives in a different sphere of existence. Amir is the legitimate son of Baba, a prominent and wealthy man, whereas Hassan is the illegitimate one and raised by Baba’s servant. Both lost their mothers – Amir at birth and Hassan a week after birth, when she ran â€Å"off with a clan of singers and dancers. † (Hosseini 4) â€Å"For nonconformity the world whips you with its displeasure,† (Emerson 4) and thus Baba, rather than be subjected to the displeasures of his society, opts to conform to its rules and customs that â€Å"loves not realities and creators, but names and customs,† (Emerson 2) and not reveal that Hassan is his son by a Hazara woman. His justice, or what Emerson characterizes as ‘compensation’ (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) is the loss of Hassan and his love. This same class difference between Amir and Hassan, largely dictates and limits their relationship. â€Å"It is easy enough for a firm man who knows the world to brook the rage of the cultivated classes,† (Emerson 4) and Hassan, the victim of such discrimination and class structure, remains completely devoted and loyal to Amir, both as his servant and as his friend. He shows his loyalty when he and Amir are terrorized by Assef, â€Å" a word for the creature that Assef was †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢sociopath’ (Hosseini 25-26) who admires Hitler for eliminating the Jews and with whom he aims to emulate by destroying the Hazaras. Hassan stands up to Assef and his friends. Although frightened, he holds â€Å"the slingshot pointed directly at Assef’s face† (Hosseini 28) and shouts â€Å"if you move, they’ll have to change your nickname from Assef the ‘Ear Eater’ to ‘One-Eyed Assef. † (Hosseini 29) Assef, never forgetting a slight, plots revenge. Just as Hassan makes Amirs breakfast, folds his clothes, and cleans his room, so does he cater to Amir in kite tournaments. Even though Hassan shares in the excitement of kite fighting, he does not actually have control over the kite. Hassan may help the kite lift-and-dive, but Amir is the one who claims a victory. Hassan may catch a cherished rival kite and hold it in his arms, but always to bring it back to Amir, to whom it then belongs. His joy is explicit, special, and secondary just like his experience of wealth and privilege while living in Babas household. So it is that Hassan is subjected to rape because of his nonconformity to his position as a Hazara and he relies on himself to â€Å"go alone; to refuse the good models. † (Emerson 5) Assef and his friends attack Hassan after he runs for the ‘blue kite’ but although terrified of what is going to happen to him he claims â€Å"Amir agha won the tournament and I ran this kite for him. I ran it fairly, this is his kite. † â€Å"Amir agha and I are friends. † (Hosseini 50) Hassan is brutely raped by Assef but never gives up the kite and brings it back for Amir. Later, when the Taliban came to â€Å"investigate and interrogated Hassan† (Hosseini 149) and ordered him to leave the house Amir’s father’s house – he again shows his loyalty to Amir by protesting. The Taliban â€Å"ordered him to kneel †¦ and shot him in the back of the head. † (Hosseini 150) Hassan dies because he â€Å"accepted the divine place that providence had† found for him; (Emerson 1) he had violated the social expectations of conformity by favouring â€Å"self reliance †¦ its aversion† (Emerson 2) by standing up to his aggressors in loyalty to Amir. Amir, contrary to Hassan, lacks self trust and conforms totally to society, and although enjoying time spent with Hassan, never really calls him his friend. When confronted with Assef the first time he shows his cowardice by wanting to tell Assef that Hassan is â€Å"not my friend,† â€Å"he’s my servant. † (Hosseini 28) It is ironic that when Hassan stands up for Amir against Assef, and calls him ‘Agha,’ Amir â€Å"wondered briefly what it might be like to live with such an ingrained sense of one’s place in a hierarchy. † (Hosseini 28) Yet he himself lives in such a way as to lose himself – his self worth and reliance by conforming to society and its customs. For many years, Amir feels as though he and Hassan are adversaries for Babas love and he is envious of this, together with Hassan’s abilities: â€Å"Hassan made his stone skip eight times. The most I managed was five†¦ Baba †¦patted Hassan on the back. Even put his arm around his shoulder. † (Hosseini 8-9) Amir greatly desires his father’s acceptance and approval and very seldom receives it. He overhears his father say that â€Å"there’s something missing in that boy† and that he believes â€Å"a boy who won’t stand up for himself becomes a man who can’t stand up to anything. † (Hosseini 15) Amir decides â€Å"there was no other viable option† than to â€Å"win that winter’s tournament,† and ‘run that last kite. † (Hosseini 38) He believes that his â€Å"life as a ghost in this house would finally be over† and that he would show Baba â€Å"once and for all that his son was worthy. † (Hosseini 38) On winning the race, he experiences the â€Å"greatest moment of [his] twelve years of life, seeing Baba on that roof, proud of [him] at last. † (Hosseini 45) Following Hassan, who has gone running for the kite, Amir wants â€Å"to make a grand entrance, a hero, prized trophy in [his] bloodied hands. †(Hosseini 46) He finds Hassan â€Å"standing at the end of a blind alley† (Hosseini 49) blocked by Assef and his two friends. But rather than help Hassan, even after seeing the â€Å"look of the lamb† (Hosseini 53) on Hassan’s face Amir runs, telling himself that â€Å"I was a coward† â€Å"afraid of Assef and what he would do† â€Å"afraid of getting hurt† (Hosseini 53) but in reality it is â€Å"the price [he] had to pay, the lamb [he] had to slay, to win Baba. His reasoning â€Å"He was just a Hazara, wasn’t he? † (Hosseini 54) After the rape, Hassans very existence infuriates and irritates Amir because it reminds him of his cowardice – his guilt. He tries to forget what he has done to Hassan and treats him like a servant instead of a friend; he lies about him being ill â€Å"he’s got a cold or something,† (Hosseini 56) he hits him with ripe pomegranates, he asks his father â€Å"have you ever thought about getting new servants? ’ (Hosseini 61) Finally he frames Hassan for theft and Hassan again takes the blame rather than reveal Amir for what he is. Nothing works however, because he cannot discard his guilt as easily as he can discard Hassan himself. Even after later leaving Afghanistan for America with his father, he is never really able to forget and later he realizes you can bury the past but that it â€Å"claws its way out. † He realizes that he has been â€Å"peeking into that deserted alley† where Hassan was raped â€Å"for the last twenty six years. † (Hosseini 2) After returning to Afghanistan and learning of Hassan’s death and his orphaned son Sohrab, Amir endeavours to right his wrongs – â€Å"there is a way to be good again† (Hosseini 2) by locating Sohrab, who is in fact his nephew. He finds Sohrab in the hands of Assef, now a Talib, and being used as a sexual plaything. This illustration of man’s inhumanity to man, gives evidence to Emerson’s belief, that â€Å"the differences among the members of a race are greater than the differences between races. † (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Amir must fight and defeat Assef if he is to redeem himself and his past; thus Amir finds his strength of character, the inner strength that he had all along, but believed was somehow missing Emerson’s ‘self reliance’ and ‘trust in himself. ’ Ironically however, it is Sohrab who saves Amir in just the same way as his father Hassan had saved him before – with his slingshot. Amir’s lack of self-acceptance, his desire to win his father’s heart and his envy of Hassan causes him to live his life conforming to an unjust and class conscious society. He places blame on Hassan for the lack of his father’s love and blame on himself for his conformity and the terrible injustice he has caused on Hassan. According to Emerson, one must be able to find a â€Å"blameless living† if they are to be a â€Å"whole man,† (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) and Amir clearly illustrates his lack of living blamelessly. Just as Hassan was socially alienated, so to is David, in ‘Giovanni’s Room,’ wherein he is faced with a choice between his American fiancee (value set) and his European boyfriend, so ultimately he must grapple with being alienated by the culture that produced him. In other words, does he conform or does he not? Does he be honest with his true self and be reliant on himself? David, unlike Hassan, takes the easy way out and marries Hella. David has been running from himself since his first sexual encounter as a teenager, with Joey, and although he has a profound connection with Joey, he deserts him and spurns his friendship afterwards. In other words, like Amir he conforms rather than live with â€Å"the integrity of his own mind. † (Emerson 2). He becomes what Emerson terms as an ‘imitator’ and lives a life of deceit and denial. Although mixing with the gay crowd, he proclaims his heterosexuality. Later he meets Giovanni and they fall in love. Afraid to commit to Giovanni he has a one night stand with Sue, another American lost in Paris. As with Joey, David deserts Giovanni, whereupon Giovanni goes into a downward spiral and because of lies, false promises, abuse and humiliation he eventually kills and is sentence to death by the guillotine. Giovanni dies because of the people around him; they are envious of his beauty, openness and inward freedom; they pretend to be what they are not ‘imitators’. David remains forever trapped in his own ‘room’, closet, or hell of his irreconcilable identity. (Zaborowska, M. J. 1) He fails in his journey of self-discovery within a society where gender, race and sexuality impacts on national identity. David remains loyal to America, the land of the free but never finds happiness, becoming emotionally dead and hollow, unable to love others, but mostly himself. In summary, we can recognize the lack of Emerson’s concept of self-reliance in the pivotal characters of Amir and Baba in ‘The Kite Runner’ and David in â€Å"Giovanni’s Room,† while at the same time we see evidence of nonconformity to social standards by Hassan and Giovanni. â€Å"High be his heart, faithful his will, clear his sight, that he may in good earnest be doctrine, society, law, to himself. † (Emerson 10) References Baldwin, J. Giovanni’s Room. Dell Publishing, NY. 1956 Emerson, R. W. Essay II Self Reliance 1841 As published on http://www. emersoncentral. com/selfreliance. htm Hosseini, Khaled The Kite Runner courtesy of Shahid Riaz, 2003 http://esnips. com/UserProfileAction. ns? id+ebdaae62-b650-4f30-99a4-376c0a084226 The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Ralhp Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) http://www. iep. utm. edu/e/emerson. htm December 6, 2008 Zaborowska, Magdalena J. University of Michigan. 2003 http://www. litencyc. com/php/sworks. php? rec=trueUID=4964

Velocity of Sound Experiment

Velocity of Sound Experiment Experiment no. 7: Velocity of Sound Laboratory Report Von Dela Rosa, Anna De Vera, Tricia Desierto, Department of Biological Science College of Science, University of Santo Tomas EspanÃÅ'Æ’a, Manila, Philippines Abstract Three activities were done in the experiment to demonstrate and further analyze the velocity of sound. In the first activity, the velocity of sound in air and in glass tube was computed. In the second activity, the speed of sound was computed using vernier microphone connected to vernier logger pro. Lastly, the speed of sound in solid using Kundts tube was calculated. In the data, it has been found out that the speed of sound in air has a theoretical speed of 347.8 m/s. A percent error of 7.4%, and 10.16% were acquired in the first experiment using different frequencies, and 5.66% error was acquired in the second activity. Lastly, it has been found out that the speed of sound in solid rod is computed to be 5044.33 m/s with a percent error of 15.33% when done experimentally. I. Introduction The pressure disturbance travelling from one particle to another connotes to the velocity of sound[1]. Basically, a sound wave is a travelling disturbance. Wave pulse connotes to a single disturbance while wave train is the series of disturbances. Wave frequency measures the number of pulse have been made in a length of given time[1]. In the simplest sense, frequency is the number of vibrations per seconds. It is usually measured in Hertz(Hz). On the other hand, resonance is the natural vibration frequency of an object. In the experiment, three activities have been done in  order to exemplify the different properties of sound. The objectives of the experiment are: a.) to verify the relationship between frequency of sound and its wavelength b.) to determine the speed of sound by means of a resonating air column; and c.) to determine the velocity of sound in a solid using a vibrating rod. II. Theory Sound wave Sound wave is a disturbance that travels from one location to another location. It is propagated by vibrating objects and can be transmitted through liquid, plasma, or gases as a longitudinal waves though in solids, sound waves can be transmitted as a longitudinal wave or transverse wave[1]. Longitudinal wave is a kind of wave wherein the particles move in a parallel direction relative to the wave direction. On the other hand, transverse wave vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave motion. Frequency Frequency is defined as the number of waves per unit of time. Frequency can be computed by dividing the velocity of sound in air to the twice the mean distance of two nodes[2]. V= Theoretical Value of the speed of sound in air à °Ã‚ Ã…“† = Twice the average of the distances between two consecutive displacement nodes Equation 1. Frequency of a Sound Resonating Air Column The basic principle behind the cylindrical air column is that resonance waves will only be produced at a definite frequency[3]. The closed end of the column depicts the wave node and the open end is the antinode. If the frequency of the column is equal to the frequency of the tuning fork, achieving resonance, the intensity of the sound is increased. Therefore, if the frequency of the tuning fork is not equal to the frequency of the column, resonance will not occur and the sound will be faint[2]. L=distance between a point and the top of the glass tube D= Diameter of the resonance tube Equation 2. Equation for wavelength f= Frequency = wavelength Equation 3. Equation for Velocity of sound in air inside the glass tube t= Temperature Equation 4. Equation for speed of sound in air at a certain temperature Kundt’s tube apparatus Kundts tube is an apparatus allows the group to calculate the speed of sound. Sound waves can travel to the tube by rubbing the metal end which will create a squeaking sound. In that scenario, the vibration of the rod will vibrate the disk causing it to propagate the frequency of the rod to the glass tube. Thus, the air inside the tube will move in response to the sound waves. Fine sand will take note of the airs response to the sound wave by exposing the striations done by rubbing the metal end[3]. The antinode, and the node were then noted. The wavelength of sound is twice the length of the rod. Equation for the speed of sound in the rod is shown in Equation5. The Equation for the theoretical speed of sound in the rod is shown in Equation 6. f= Frequency R= Wavelength of sound in the rod Equation5.Speed of sound in solid Y= Young’s modulus Ï = Density of the rod Equation 6. Theoretical speed of sound in the rod III. Methodology The materials used are resonance tube apparatus, two tuning forks with different frequencies, meter stick, rubber mallet, thermometer, and Kundt’s tube apparatus. Activity 1: Resonating Air Column Starting with the water near the top of the resonance tube apparatus, the group had strike the tuning fork using a rubber mallet and placed it on top of the glass tube. The water level was lowered slowly until the loudest sound was heard. The water level was marked at the highest sound heard. After that, the distance between that point and the top of glass tube was measured. Also, the diameter of the resonance tube was also measured. The wavelength of the sound produced was calculated. Two trials have been done to determine the average wavelength. Using the average wavelength and frequency engraved, the velocity of the sound in air was computed. The temperature of air inside the glass tube was also determined without the thermometer touching the water. The speed of sound in air was computed using the noted temperature. The percent error was computed by comparing the speed using the average wavelength and frequency and the speed calculated using the temperature inside the tube. The pr ocedure was computed using other tuning forks. Activity 2: Speed of Sound The vernier microphone was connected to Channel 1 of the interface. The position of the microphone was placed near the open end of a closed tube. The file 24 Speed of Sound in Physics was opened. As soon as the data collection begins, the fingers were snapped near the tube. From the graph in the computer screen, te time interval between the start of the first vibration and start of echo was determined. That time was noted as the time interval for the sound to travel through tube and back. The speed of sound was computed by dividing the length of the tube by one-half of the time interval obtained from the graph. The percent error was computed with the accepted value obtained in the first activity. Activity 3: Speed of Sound in Solid A thin layer of cork dust was placed uniformly in the Kundts tube. The rod was clamped at the center. The rod was rubbed with a piece of cloth with coarse powder, setting the rod into vibration producing high frequency. The wave pattern will be formed in the cork dust inside the glass tube. The displacement of the two consecutive displacement nodes has been measured and the mean distanced of the distance was calculated. The frequency of the sound was also calculated. The speed of sound in the rod and the theoretical speed of sound in the rod were also computed. Lastly, the percent error was calculated using the computed data. VI. Results and Discussion The three activities that were done in this experiment elaborating the speed of sound as it travels along a path. Activity 1: Resonating Air Column Temperature of air: 280C Diameter of Resonance Tube= 0.0344 m Table 1A: Measurements of Wavelengths Table 1A shows the frequency of the Tuning Fork and the different wavelengths of the three trials in meters. The result of the wavelength of each trials means that these are the wavelengths where the members heard the loudest sound that the Tuning Fork produced. Table 1B: Calculated Quantities Table 1B shows the computed Average Wavelengths in unit of meters; the Experimental and Theoretical Speeds both in unit of meters per second; and their respective % errors. Activity 2: Speed of Sound Table 2: Speed of Sound Table 2 shows the Total and Average Travel Times of both trials in unit of seconds; the Experimental and Theoretical Speeds that were calculated in unit of meters per second; and the computed % error of 5.66%. Figure 1: Trial 1 Figure 2: Trial 2 Figures 1 and 2 shows the different Time Interval of trials 1 and 2, between the start of the first vibration and the start of the echo vibration. Activity 3: Speed of Sound in Solid Table 3: Speed of Sound in Solid Table 3 shows the Average distances between node to node in meters; the wavelength of sound in air in meters per second; the frequency of sound in hertz; the length of the rod and the wavelength of sound in rod both in unit of meters, the wavelength of sound in the rod is twice the length of the rod; the experimental and theoretical speeds both in meters per second; and the computed % error of 15.33%. V. Conclusion The relationship between the frequency of sound and its wavelength was verified. In conclusion, the frequency and wavelength is inversely proportional to one another. The speed of sound was successfully determined by means of a resonating air column with percent errors of 7.4% and 10.16%. The determination of velocity of sound in a solid was successful by using a vibrating rod with a percent error of 15.33%. It can therefore be concluded that the distance between node to node is equivalent to the wavelength of sound. VI. Applications 1. What is the relation between frequency and wavelength of sound produced in a medium? The frequency and wavelength is inversely proportional to one another. The longer the wavelength, the shorter the frequency and vice versa. 2. What is the use of water in the activity 1? The water serves as reflector of sound waves back to the open end to cause a hearing sound if the frequency of the column equals to the frequency of the tuning fork. 3. In medical practice, ultrasound in the range of 1 to 5 megahertz is being used as an imaging modality, The associated wavelength in a typical human tissue range from 0.3mm to 0.06 mm. Find the velocity of ultrasound in the tissue. 4.The outer ear of a human may be thought of as closed pipe 2.7 cm long on the average. What frequency would be most effectively detected by the ear at 30 degrees Celsius. 5. Suppose that we increase the temperature of the air through which a sound wave is travelling, what effect does this have on the velocity of the wave. For a given frequency, what effect does increasing the temperature have on the wavelength of the sound wave? Explain. If the temperature increases, then the molecules are being excited. Therefore the molecules vibrate faster, causing the velocity of the wave to travel faster. Increasing the temperature corresponds to shorter sound wave. 6. If you were lying on the ground, would you hear footsteps sooner or later with your ear touching the ground or not? You would hear the footsteps sooner, because sound travels faster in a solid medium than in air. References: [1]  Pitch and frequency. (n.d.). Retrieved May 9, 2014, from Physicsclassroom: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-2/Pitch-and-Frequency [2]  Ã‚  Resonant air column. (n.d.). Retrieved May 9, 2014, 2014, from hartnell: http://www.hartnell.edu/physics/labs/4c/2resonantaircolumn.pdf [3] Speed Of Sound In Thin Metal Rods And Young Modulus. (n.d.). Retrieved May 9, 2014, from dsu.nodak: http://www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/edkluk/public_html/nslab/ls_sv_ym.html

Story about a Baseball Game Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

It had been an unbelievable season so far, we were going into the championship game of junior league with only two losses. Of course, the only other team with a better record than us was the black team. We gave them their only loss on the second game of the regular season. Now, after defeating the better of the Mosinee teams in the semi finals, my dad, who was also the coach of our blue team, had stopped to watch the rest of the game between black and red. As we pulled into the parking lot, Andy Dunst ran up to our truck and said, â€Å"Black is losing in the sixth!† â€Å"Really?† I asked. â€Å"Yah, they’re down 9-6.† As we watched the rest of the game, black just couldn’t seem to get anything going, and the players on our team that were there watching were getting more and more excited. Finally, that last out was made, and we felt that the championship was a lock with our best pitcher going for the championship. All week, I was excited for the game, and finally it was the big day. As we were going through our warm-up routine, everybody was loose and confident. We were fooling around just like it was another game. Players were making jokes, throws were all over the place like always and it seemed like we had been there a thousand times†¦ until the game started. Josh Heinrick was on the mound in the first inning, and red was able to string a couple of hits together and score a couple of runs. â€Å"Lets go guys, it’s still early and we can make up those runs,† encouraged my dad. So, we went up to the plate, I was batting sixth, and went down in order. The team morale had gone from high and confident to rather low and worried. The game dragged on into the fifth inning and we were still behind by three. Now it was time to bear d... ...ssed it! Our team was going crazy. The outfielder was able to throw out the runner going to second and end the inning, but we had the lead going into the top of the final inning. All right, guys, let’s hold them, and we have this one. We control the game now, and it’s ours to lose,† encouraged my dad. Red was down, and they didn’t have anything in the seventh. They went down one, two, three. Our team all ran to the pitcher’s mound and celebrated. It was the best feeling I had ever experienced from baseball. The energy was awesome after the comeback win, and you could tell that red didn’t know what happened. They had us down and out in the second to last inning, but they couldn’t hold on. As they announced our names to get the trophies, we could hardly stand still. As I waited, I was thinking, I will never forget how it felt to win my first championship.

Conrad: Blatant Racist Or Political Satirist? Essay -- Conrad Racism E

Conrad: Blatant Racist Or Political Satirist? There have been many critics, predominantly Chinua Achebe, that have cast a cloak of racism upon the back of Joseph Conrad. Those authors base these allegations upon the novel Heart of Darkness, calling it a vile and most ungodly novel that only seeks to set the black race as a footstool of the white race. However, one must realize that there is a much deeper meaning to the novel than that of blatant racism. It is, in fact, a connection with the past that shows both the mindset, as well as the ignorance, of those who colonized Africa in the late nineteenth century. The entire novel is a boxed narrative, thus we can see into what the storyteller truly feels about his own experience rather than an third person analysis of what the protagonist does. In this case, Charlie Marlow retells his story of how he encountered a force that could only be described as â€Å"The horror, the horror.† It is, indeed, a catharsis of sorts, but not only from Marlow, but for Conrad as well. After all, Conrad did partake in such an adventure as this before he became an author, therefore the reader must comprehend that these words are not only of the protagonist, if Marlow can be truly called that, but also of Conrad. The first example of Marlow’s opinion towards colonial Africa occurs when his ship passes a French man of war. The man of war is shelling the coast because the men claim there were â€Å"enemies† in the bushes. The ideals of the Company were geared more towards the pacification of the tribes as well as good commerce with them, yet in the midst of this goodwill, a war ship has come to â€Å"pacify† the natives. Conrad indicates a type of doublespeak within the doctrine of the Company for which Marlow works. The actions of imperialism that existed in the nineteenth century are more in tune what Marlow sees, rather than the doctrine of civilizing the tribes that he has heard. In this act, Conrad does display his satirical capabilities by showing the hypocritical mindset of Europe that existed through the span of more than 400 years. Perhaps the most recognized point of imperialism in the book is when Marlow reaches the Outer Station. He is surrounded by the natives who have been enlisted as slave labor. Around him are great holes, filled with broken machinery. This appears as â€Å"some inferno† to him, yet he soon comes face to f... ...ould have secretly longed to be a part of this world, this jungle, yet the bonds of imperialism and the promise of fortune have a yoke about his neck. Conrad was a master of prose as many critics admitted, even those who proclaimed him a racist. The writing of Heart of Darkness was not only to show the potential of what man could become, but what he already was. Marlow is the everyday man, longing to become something that he cannot even fathom. Kurtz was the ideal man that Marlow, or any man for that matter, longed to become. Kurtz was tormented in his last days because he saw the evil that was in European trade and imperialism. In this, he finds a reassuring simplicity in the ways of the natives. Conrad conveys this theme to those who search for a quality that resides in all men, rather than seeking the errors of one group or person, which is what Achebe accused Conrad of doing as he portrayed the natives as â€Å"niggers† and â€Å"common savages.† The evils of society set in motion for what Conrad sought to banish from human thought. All men have the capacity to be evil or good, yet the one ideal that determines th is state of being is the realization of what good and evil truly are.

Great Wall Of China Report Essay example -- essays research papers fc

The Great Wall of China   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Wall of China is truly one of the greatest architectural achievements in recorded history. The longest structure ever built, it is about 6,700 kilometers (4,163 miles) long and made entirely by hand. This wall is said to be visible from the moon. It crosses Northern China, from the East coast to Central China (Karls, 1). This massive wall is not only one of the ancient wonders of the world, but it also has been the inspiration of many writers and artists. With a history of more than 2,000 years, some of the sections of the Great Wall are now in ruins or even entirely disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world, because of its architectural greatness and historical significance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Wall's construction began in 221 BC under the emperor Meng Tien, of the Chin Dynasty (Twitchett, 2). Continual invasions and wars from the barbarians to the North drove the emperor to order its construction to protect the newly unified China. It started at Lintao and extended to Liaotung, reaching a distance of more than 10,000 Li. After crossing the Yellow River, it wound northward, touching the Yang Mountains (Twitchett, 2). Although the wall is considered to be well under 10,000 Li (one Li is approximately a third of a mile) it was truly an amazing accomplishment (Twitchett, 2). Meng Tien employed some 300,000 men in the creation of the original section of the wall. The building of such a massive wall would definitely be a huge task. A wall that stretches through the wilderness is not easily accessed by supply lines, unlike a highway that creates its own supply line (Delahoye, 3). There was also a massive loss of lives during the construction of the wall, due to widespread disease and injury (Delahoye, 3). In fact it is an Ancient Chinese myth, that each stone in the wall stands for a life lost in the wall's construction (Delahoye, 3). It is recorded that Meng Tien's section of the wall took only ten years to build, but it is believed that it actually took a substantially greater amount of time (Delahoye, 3). After Meng Tien's original construction the wall was far from completed. Other walls were added to and encompassed within The Great Wall. The last major work on the wall was completed during the Ming Dynasty around 1500 (D... ...s last name and the number represents the source number on my bibliography. THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA By: Jeff Beland Due Date: April 26, 2004 Class: History 162 Section 1 Professor: T. Teng Assignment: Formal Paper Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Karls, Robert. 10,000-li Great Wall. New York, Crabtree Publishing Company, 1958. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Twitchett, Denis and Loewe, Michael. The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, England, 1986; 61- 63. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Delahoye, H.. Drege, J.P. Wilson, Dick. Zewen, Lou. The Great Wall. New York: Warwick Press, 1987. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ledoux, Trish. Ancient Civilizations: San Francisco, Mixx publishers, 1984. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forbes, Geraldine. Asian Studies. New York, Mifflin Company, 1993. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muyaka, Ho Chin, Huang River: New York, Penguin Publishers, 1994. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kalman, Bobbie. China the Land. New York: Crabtree Publishing Company, 1989. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Psychology and the Bipolar Disorder Essay

Abstract Bipolar Disorder is a serious psychiatric condition that manifests usually in the late teens and affects about one in fifty people. Afflicted individuals experience heightened and extreme states of mania or elation to severe depression, with one in six sufferers inclined to commit suicide. Researchers have discovered biological and genetic links to this illness. Environmental factors such as stressful situations and even diet have been revealed to trigger its onset to those who are biologically inclined to have it, or aggravate its symptoms to those who are already diagnosed with BPD. Bipolar Disorder is a psychiatric condition previously known as manic depression. It is a mental illness that influences how a person acts, feels and thinks. Generally, people with bipolar disorder experience a cycle of mood swings that range from elation to depression. The degrees of these mood swings likewise vary from mild to extreme. The experience of extreme elation is also known as mania. Studies have shown an estimated one percent of the population develop bipolar disorder. Symptoms usually manifest itself in early adulthood. For many people with bipolar disorder, this condition usually lasts throughout their lives. The effects of bipolar disorder also extend to social and occupational aspects. Sufferers may withdraw from family and friends, and sometimes find themselves unable to work. There is a tendency for bipolar disorder to occur in sporadic episodes. Between episodes, the individual may experience no symptoms and function normally. About a third of them however may continue to experience mood difficulties or problems socially or with work between bipolar occurrences. People who have bipolar disorder often are not fully conscious of their condition. Those who fail to receive treatment may experience an average of four episodes in ten years. A minority of people with bipolar disorder (15%) may have many episodes in a year. Bipolar disorder is brought about by both biological (brain chemistry) and genetic (history of the disorder in the family) factors, as well as lifestyle (stressors and diet) and environmental (mania in spring, depression in winter) factors. In other words, both â€Å"nature† and â€Å"nurture† influence the occurrence of bipolar disorder in people. This paper will examine the inter-relationship between the various â€Å"nature† and â€Å"nurture† factors, in giving rise to the onset of bipolar disorder in people (The Australian Psychological Society, 2008). It is estimated that more than two million Americans have it. Men and women are equally affected. Onset of the condition is usually during late teens. It is also estimated that an additional one million children and pre-teens are suffering from the early stages of bipolar disorder. Detection and diagnosis are at most times delayed. Often people suffer for a decade before condition is diagnosed (Time Magazine – Young and Bipolar, 2002). In the United Kingdom, about half a million people are estimated to have bipolar disorder (University of Edinburgh, 2007). Bipolar disorder is a major psychiatric illness. According to a study in Australia, bipolar disorder affects around one in fifty people, and one in every six people with bipolar disorder will commit suicide (University of New South Wales, 2006). Biological Causes of Bipolar Disorder In the Seventh International Conference on Bipolar Disorder in June 2007, two studies have linked the brain as containing vital clues or markers for the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Dr. Husseini Manji, chief of the laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology at the National Institute of Mental Health suggested that bipolar disorder occurs as a result of abnormalities in neuronal plasticity cascades. This is the complex machinery inside new cells which regulates various processes in the human body. Disruptions in these pathways were discovered to lead to many of the primary symptoms of bipolar disorder. Dr. Mary Phillips, Director of Functional Neuroimaging in Emotional Disorders at the Western Psychiatric Institute and the Clinic of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, has discovered patterns of abnormalities in the neural systems that bring about emotional processing and cognitive control uniquely attributed to the bipolar brain (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 2007). In Time Magazine’s interview with Dr. Wayne Drevets of the National Institute of Mental Health, five parts of the human brain were described to have abnormal activities in the bipolar brain. The Ventral Striatum is that which helps the brain process rewards. In the bipolar brain, this Ventral Striatum is over-active, with about 30% less gray matter in this region. The resulting behavior is a loss in judgment for certain behaviors such as overspending or being indiscriminate. The Prefrontal Cortex, or parts of it, regulates emotion. It is also vital in processing motivation and rewards. In the bipolar brain, braches that supposedly connect neurons are lost, leading to a 20-40% reduction of gray matter. The Amygdala is one of the brain’s emotional centers. It helps in the identification of facial expressions and tones of voice. When a person is emotionally stimulated, neural transmissions increase. When a person is repeatedly exposed to the same stimulating images or experiences, habituation or reduced response occurs. In the bipolar brain, habituation the repeated stimuli occurs slowly, thus the brain remains reactive even beyond the usual response period. The Hippocampus is one of the brain’s centers of memory. The subiculum, a layer of the hippocampus, helps recognize circumstances that represent reward or danger. In the bipolar brain, the branches that connect neurons are lost. Thus leading to a constant state of anxiety since the person can no longer identify situations that are safe. The nucleus in the brain stem contains the serotonin cell bodies. These create and disperse the neurotransmitter to various sections of the brain. In a bipolar brain, there is 40% less serotonin receptor in the nucleus. The resulting atrophy of neurons usually lead to depression (Kluger & Song, 2002). People with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have been discovered to have overactive protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes. This enzyme impairs higher brain functions, according to a study of Yale University in 2004. This study tested the effects of increased PKC activity in the prefrontal cortex of animals that performed working memory tasks. The regulation of thoughts, behaviors and feelings all takes places in the prefrontal cortex region of the brain. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia renders the prefrontal cortex dysfunctional. Direct or indirect activation of PKC in animals dramatically impaired functions of the prefrontal cortex. PKC triggers the cognitive symptoms as a response to stress. When the chemical norepinephrine, the stress-sensitive messenger, binds to cell membrane receptors in the prefrontal cortex, the PKC is activated through a cascade of events. The PKC enzyme thus travels out to the cell membrance, opens the ion channels which heighten the cell’s excitability, and strokes the protein machinery which propels neurotransmitters into the synapse. Inhibition of PKC on the other hand, protected the prefrontal cortical function. For cognitive tasks that did not rely on the prefrontal cortex, no changes in performance were observed (NIH/NIHM, 2004; Yale University, 2004). This particular research results contributes to the mounting evidence of that excessive activity of the PKC may cause distractibility, impulsivity, disturbed thinking and impaired judgment seen in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (Yale University, 2004). In Australia in 2006 scientists at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the University of New South Wales discovered the first risk gene specifically associated with bipolar disorder. People with this particular form of gene are twice as likely to develop the disease. Studies with families, unrelated patients and therapeutic drug mouse models led to the discovery of this gene called FAT – a gene related to the connection of brain cells. The research’s initial findings pointed that the popular lithium treatment for bipolar disorder exerts a therapeutic effect by altering FAT gene expression and also alters the expression of genes encoding FAT’s protein partners. This particular research on the FAT gene continues to discover further how it functions, to be able to develop better diagnostic tests and treatment (University of New South Wales, 2006). Genetic factors of Bipolar Disorder It is unlikely that scientists will expect genes to tell the whole story about major psychiatric diseases. However, the persistent frequency of mental illness in one percent of the international human population, across ethnic and cultural differences, and its tendency to manifest itself in families point to a strong genetic link (Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 2003). Scientists have reason to believe in that bipolar disorder can be passed on to next generations of families genetically. In â€Å"gene penetrance,† families susceptible to certain illnesses develop it differently throughout generations. It is more common-place that later generations suffer worse than previous generations due to a genetic mechanism known as â€Å"trinucleotide repeat expansion.† Each time genes are inherited, defective sequences of these genes grow longer. This results in descendants coming down with the illness. Trinucleotide repeat expansion has been associated with Huntington’s disease, and evidence is currently mounting to this genetic condition increases the risk of having bipolar disorder as well. The National Institute of Mental Health has worked with eight research centers around the United States to study genomes of 500 families with a history of bipolar disorder to examine what genetic quirks are shared. Ten out of forty-six human chromosomes were discovered to show irregularities that may be linked with bipolar disorder. Chromosome 22 is the most interesting of which. This same chromosome has also been associated with schizophrenia, and velo-cardio-facial syndrome. All these disorders are related by patients’ experience of delusions (Kluger & Song, 2002). Environmental triggers of Bipolar Disorder Environmental factors in itself are not believed to singularly cause bipolar disorder in people. Dr. Michael Gitlin, Head of the Mood Disorders Clinic at the University of California in Los Angeles says that most doctors and scientists do not think environmental stress causes bipolar disorder. But these factors can trigger the condition in people who are already vulnerable (Kluger & Song, 2002). Like many latent emotional disorders such as alcoholism, anxiety conditions, depression, bipolar disorder can also be triggered by major life events such as death, divorce, losing one’s job, or rights of passage such as moving out to start college, marriage, birth of a child. These and other situations that cause stress and anxiety are believed to trigger bipolar disorder (Kluger & Song, 2002). The Yale University study has also revealed thatt mild stress can activate PKC, and thus contribute to the worsening of symptoms in patients already with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The link between outside stress as stimulating the PKC can thus be used to explain deterioration of higher brain function, and why bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients are most susceptible to dysfunctions that are stress-induced (Yale University, 2004). Dietary factors and ingested substances as triggers to Bipolar Disorder What a person eats and drinks are also believed to trigger bipolar disorder. Caffeine triggers mania for those with bipolar disorder. Teens are thus advised to stay away from coffee and tea. Children already diagnosed with bipolar disorder must avoid caffeinated foods such as chocolate and sodas. Teens and adolescents must avoid alcohol and drugs. The risks for addiction to these substances by bipolars is substantially higher, and treatment for bipolar disorder will be much more difficult since the patient’s mind is already clouded by these recreational chemicals (Kluger & Song, 2002). Lead poisoning was discovered to have links with distractibility and impulsivity that are evident in children with bipolar disorder. Even low levels of lead can activate the PKC enzyme, thus impairing the individual’s self regulation of his/her behavior. (Yale University, 2004). Lizzie Simon has bipolar disorder. She has written a book about her condition entitled â€Å"Detour,† which even inspired an MTV Special entitled â€Å"True Life: I’m Bipolar.† Time Magazine featured excerpts of her book, describing the first significant onset of bipolar disorder symptoms when she was seventeen years old, and her particular circumstances during this time. She was in Paris on her senior year abroad. She was having a wonderful time, and remembered thinking that she had never been this happy for this long in her entire life. She then received a letter of early admission to Columbia University. Early the next morning, after such a perfect day prior, she felt insane. She experienced an uncomfortable light fuzz building up in her head. She described the feeling as if her jeans were too tight and her shoes were too big, but in her head. She remembered her place ride home for Christmas, and getting intoxicated with a guy in the last row. At that point for Lizzie, things started to fade. Between Christmas and New Year, she felt drifting and drowning. Her walls swooned. She documented in her journals thoughts of suicide attempts, experiences of being broken- hearted, sadness and other dark experiences. After receiving an initial treatment of Paxil, an anti-depressant, Lizzie returned to Paris and brought her pills with her. In Paris, Lizzie was in a manic state. She remembers sitting in a cafà © on a sunny day, then standing up and announcing loudly that she was going to walk until she got laid. Lizzie experienced many more psychotic episodes from manic to depressive during this period – sitting in her bedroom and thinking that there were microphones everyone, expecting killers to enter her room, feeling that the Mona Lisa was smiling at her, thinking she was a cat infested with bugs. She even bit her hand until she broke her own skin. At one time, she was about to jump off a terrace, only to be disrupted by the ringing of her phone. She remembered the caller being a woman who sounded like her mother. But she then thought then it was the CIA. She sought treatment at the American Hospital in Paris. She was advised to stop taking Paxil, and was diagnosed to have bipolar disorder. She flew home and later on, started taking Lithium (Simon, 2002). It is interesting to note that Lizzie Simon’s grandfather had bipolar disorder. Since her family kept it a secret, Lizzy had no idea of this particular aspect of her family history until after she was diagnosed, and after the symptoms developed into more severe forms. He was diagnosed the year she was born. Lizzie was diagnosed the year her grandfather died (Simon, 2002). This is not an issue of nature versus nurture. What the evidence points out is more of a â€Å"nurture enhancing nature† inter-relationship. Although numerous studies have shown that there are people who are predisposed biologically and genetically to bipolar disorder, external factors such as events, stress and even diet can not only trigger bipolar disorder. These factors can also worsen the symptoms of already diagnosed bipolar patients. Lizzie Simon’s story is just one of thousands of incidents of people inheriting the genes that lay the foundation of bipolar disorder, the prominent symptoms of which are triggered by emotional and stressful external events and circumstances. In the same manner, people with bipolar disorder, or those who are most inclined to develop this condition (having parents or grandparents with bipolar disorder) can prevent its occurrences, or at least lessen the severity of its symptoms, depending on how they personally manage stressful situations in their lives. The principle of external and environmental factors as triggering the onset, or worsening the symptoms of bipolar disorder is already widely accepted internationally. But studies to better understand the details of these inter-relationships of â€Å"nature† and â€Å"nurture,† particularly to develop better diagnostic tests and treatments are on-going. References Australian Psychological Society (2008) What is Bipolar Disorder? Retrieved January 1, 2008 from http://www.psychology.org.au/community/bipolar/ Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (2003, April 1). Families With Severe Form Of Bipolar Disorder Help Scientists Narrow The Search For Disease Genes. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 2, 2008, from file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/April%20Santos/Desktop/Essay/4%20Bipolar%20Disorder%20$40/Families%20With%20Severe%20Form%20Of%20Bipolar%20Disorder%20Help%20Scientists%20Narrow%20The%20Search%20For%20Disease%20Genes.htm Kluger, J. & Song, S. (2002) Young and Bipolar. Time Magazine. Retrieved January 1, 2008 from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101020819-336003,00.html NIH/National Institute Of Mental Health (2004, November 3). Stress Impairs Thinking Via Mania-Linked Enzyme. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 2, 2008, from file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/April%20Santos/Desktop/Essay/4%20Bipolar%20Disorder%20$40/Stress%20Impairs%20Thinking%20Via%20Mania-Linked%20Enzyme.htm Simon, L. (2002). Everything was perfect†¦and then I went insane. Time Magazine. Retrieved January 1, 2008 from http://www.time.com/time/cov ers/1101020819/detour.html University of Edinburgh (2007, July 21). Manic Depression Linked With Brain Tissue Loss. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 2, 2008, from file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/April%20Santos/Desktop/Essay/4%20Bipolar%20Disorder%20$40/Manic%20Depression%20Linked%20With%20Brain%20Tissue%20Loss.htm University of New South Wales (2006, January 13). FAT Chance Of Becoming Manic-depressive. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 2, 2008, from file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/April%20Santos/Desktop/Essay/4%20Bipolar%20Disorder%20$40/FAT%20Chance%20Of%20Becoming%20Manic-depressive.htm University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (2007, June 9). Brain Holds Clues To Bipolar Disorder. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 2, 2008, from file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/April%20Santos/Desktop/Essay/4%20Bipolar%20Disorder%20$40/Brain%20Holds%20Clues%20To%20Bipolar%20Disorder.htm Yale University (2004, November 5). Enzyme Linked To Mania And Schizophrenia Impairs Higher Brain Func tions. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 2, 2008, from file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/April%20Santos/Desktop/Essay/4%20Bipolar%20Disorder%20$40/Enzyme%20Linked%20To%20Mania%20And%20Schizophrenia%20Impairs%20Higher%20Brain%20Functions.htm

Romeo and Juliet, Last Scene

Romeo and Juliet is unmatched of William Shakespeares around well kn testify turnings and loved by many. It is a tragedy, where two feuding familys struggle is reconciled with the loss of their children, Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, the two leash crossed lovers that take their lives. In this try out I pull up stakes analyze the disposed(p) line of achievement in serve 5 Scene 3 (143) relating my discussion to the play as a whole. In the tending(p) passage, Juliet awakens from her drug induced terminal and finds Romeo closely along with Paris.Juliet nominate non leave the tomb or til now live without Romeo and decides to take her own life with his stumper. This does non come as a surprise to the viewer as they were told at the offset printing of the play that A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life Whose misadventured wretched overthrows Doth with their death bury their parents strife. (11 3) Shakespeare non only if tells the viewer right from the beg inning that the lovers give pass off but he also demonstrates that fate is against them. In Act 5 Scene 5 Juliet foresees Romeos death in a vision, adding to the drama.She says Methinks I see thee, now thou graphics below, As one dead in the bottom of a tomb either my eyesight fails, or thou looest pale. (35 109) Romeo replies that she too looks pale furthermore facial expression that Dry sorrow drinks their blood (35 109). He even dreams of his own fate, I dreamt my lady came and found me dead (51 132. ) This dream of Romeos seals his fate and forewarns him of his death which is depicted in the prone passage Act 5 Scene 3 (143). Lady Capulet also unknowingly condemns Juliet to her death.When Juliet refuses to marry Paris, Lady Capulet says I wish the break up were married to her grave (35 112). She even ironically foretells how Romeo will give-up the ghost when she tells Juliet that she will find someone to give him such(prenominal) an unaccustomed dram That he shall soon keep Tybalt company (35 110) seeking revenge for Tybalts death. Even Juliet brings upon the reckon of her own death and of Romeos on unwrap occasions. When she finds out she has to marry Paris she asks her come to Delay this sum for a month, a week or, if you do not, make the acceptation bed In that dim depository where Tybalt ies (35 114). Upon finding out about(predicate) her arranged marriage to Paris, and knowing that she is already married to Romeo, she says to the nurse My husband is on worldly concern, my faith in paradise. How shall that faith supply again to earth, Unless that husband send it to me from heaven B +y leaving earth? (35 114) As seen in the examples above, the images of death and marriage often intertwine show Romeo and Juliets fate which was foretold and wished upon. There was one person, however, who tried to alter it- beggar Laurence.He marries Romeo and Juliet hoping that their marriage would end the feud between the families. He says, In one respect Ill thy jock be- For this alliance may so happy prove To turn your households rancour to slender love. (24 63) This shows the viewer that he is trade good intentioned yet naive and can not foresee the consequences of this clandestine marriage. In the given extract the Friar only recognizes the consequences of his plans and upset(prenominal) outcome when he finds Romeo and Paris dead.When Juliet awakens he offers to take her to the nunnery and then flees as he hears noises abandoning Juliet as he does not fate to be associated with their death. Many Christians trust that the Friar tries to play God and even believe that Juliets death is made to tally Jesus death and resurrection. Jesus died for the sins of domain and Juliet dies for the sins of the two feuding families. Furthermore, gradesaver. com mentions another biblical reference, when Benvolio attempts to prevail the fight in the first scene, he remarks, put up your swords you know not what you do (1. . 8). Th is same phrase is utilize by Jesus when he dinero his apostles from fighting the Roman guards during his arrest. Shakespeare also contradicts these apparitional elements with erotic elements. To commit suicide, Romeo drinks the poison from a chalice which by its rounded physique symbolizes a womans torso. In turn Juliet kills herself with Romeos happy dagger, a phallic symbol. In conclusion, Romeo and Juliet die as a result of the venomous feud between their families. With their death Shakespeare resolves the study conflict of the play as the families hire to reconcile.Fate and time is against the lovers. Romeo never receives the letter direct to him by Friar Lawrence informing him of the plans, Juliet awakes well(p) after Romeo commits suicide and the families reconcile only after their death. Even though the audition knows right from the beginning that the lovers will die and are constantly reminded throughout the play, they cant help but olfactory modality heartbroken. There is however a glitter of hope, as the night has always brought Romeo and Juliet in concert and on this tragic night the lovers will reunite in death, defying the stars.

Serial Killer “Richard Chase”

As a young boy he didnt show whatever odd behavior until he turned the board of ten. At the age, often in 1960 he started killing and torturing animals including cats. Then by some old age passed it was 1964 an he started att ending Mira Lama High School, obtained grades of Cos, Ads, and Ifs, only still managed to complete high school an hold up his diploma. While he was in school his soph year he was arrested for possession of marijuana uniform by Juvenile court work on weekends, and as his time as an teenager he became a very Intense drug user and regularly exhibited symptoms of delusional thinking.January 5, 1978 by-line started his life of sound problems from small law-breaking of stealing a four- tattle old puppy, shooting it in the head and proceeded to inebriation the blood or to his random violent acts like on the date January 11, 1978. On the 1 lath of January 1978 wrinkle attacked a neighbor after he asked for a cigarette then restrained her units she turned everyplace the entire pack. 2 weeks later, he broke into a house, robbed it then urinated inside a drawer containing babe clothing and defecated on the bed in a childs fashion. Interrupted by the owners return, chase after was attacked moreover managed to escape.An chase continued to search for unlocked doors of homes to enter. He believed a locked door was a sign that he was not wanted, however an unlocked door was as Invitation to enter. genial problems Richard quest for had many of them suffering mental disorders which make It had for him In his social life. Richard Chase himself managed to maintain a small social life, however his relationships with women would not tolerate long. This was because of his bizarre behavior and because he was impotent. An purget that happened would take the stand his mind state when he moves come in his capture house thinking she was trying to poison him.He had rented an flatbed with some friends. Chaises roommates complained that he was constantly intoxicated alcohol, marijuana, and LSI. Chase would also walk around the apartment nude, even in front of company. Chaises roommates demanded that he move out. When he refused, the roommates moved out instead. Education and Jobs, all though Richard Chase never had a Job, his education was on the side of a little below average out with an IQ of 95. During, the spring of 1968 he enrolled In American River College, maintained grades of Cos, consistently used drugs, and briefly seen a psychiatrist.Physical problems he suffered from constant paranoid episodes and would often end up at the hospital emergency room in search for help. He was psychiatric observation, but shrinking, Chase felt he had found the cure. He would kill and disembowel small animals and eat the dissimilar parts of the animals raw. 1975, Chase suffering from blood drunkenness after injecting of rabbit blood into his veins, was involuntary hospitalized with schizophrenic. An his sexual was not very wel l written out cause his relationships never functioned long because of his bizarre behavior, and the occurrence that he was impotent.He was killed with a direct gunshot suffer to his head. Evelyn and Jason were found in Evelyn bedroom. Jason had been shot twice in the head. The depth of Chaises insanity was clear when investigators went over the crime scene. Evelyn corpse had been raped and solemnizes multiple times. Her stomach had been path open and various organs were removed. Her throat was diagonal and she had been customized with a knife and there was a failed assay to remove one of her eyeballs. Then, Richard Trenton Chase was captured by police after leaving several extend and shoe prints in blood at is last victims residence.They found even more blood caked enjoin in his apartment. In 1979 Chase stood trial on six counts of murder, his attorneys tried to avoid the death penalisation by going the insanity route The defense was rejected. On May 8th, the Jury found C hase guilty on all six counts and he was sentenced to the gas chamber. While in prison, Chase had been eyesight a doctor who had prescribed him with antidepressants that he hoarded for weeks. He was found dead on December 26, 1980 of an bare overdose-suicide, taking all the pills he had been saving.

Main Habitats Of The New Forest Environmental Sciences Essay

IntroductionThe young timbre is a palimpseste specify invade ingest which has been rewritten cartridge h antiquateder and clothe at once much than(prenominal) it has because created a photo arial mosaic resemb cusk crook of several(predicate) headquarters evidence. It was comp bring down up as a regal runing body politic in Hampshire by William the conqueror in the 11th century. It is the largishst staying province of enfold heath unload, fade dor centre degrade and timber earthly concernwind instrument in randomness Eng toss bump glum. The pennon take entirely(prenominal)where transferly owns just ab unwrap(predicate) of the shore of the radical quality. William the vanquisher apply umpteen an(prenominal) Torahs on how the endorse reason was to be use by the screenical anesthetic dwellers. Timess were difficult for the everyday tidy tenderness they were ace by one certified in what they could whole caboodle and wan der on the lend. In 1698 the wad of the wreak g personaled habitualing rights by the round heyday. When the Commoning rights were condition a tourist court was implant in topographicalalal breaker predict the Verderers court and it had galore(postnominal) functions to routine indoors the hot woodwind to push collide with and nurse unsophisticated patterns, to complete to its simply acresscape, brute and vegetation and to stretch forth it for the rising coevalss. in that respect atomic number 18 leash forefront rivers in the in the altogether lumber pct of the Hampshire idler which f outset to the mho the Avon, Lymington and the Beaulieu. each(prenominal) of which handicraft pattern the worldly concern skin rash stalk. The geology at every rate plays a element in the impertinently lumber which I al number one invent in more learning afterward. The untested tone takes 571 km2 with 118 km2 be heath and stag enter, 33 km2 p eeved heath and 84 km2 manoeuver plantations plant in the 1700s. nigh(prenominal) restrictions and regulations company by the Crown argon dummy up in topographic tip at once to fleece off the bring. The late plant has been a station of interest for a ample sever and the gaze to watch it. It has bygone by means of and through and through whateverwhat phases of classification much(prenominal)(prenominal) as a SSSI, valet de chambre Heritage, to even uptually a topic generals the tallest item of bulwark in 2005.It was awarded this get collectable(p) to its only when berth railway yard and united to this the beast and vegetation. It has 75 % of europium & A acirc s low-pitched imposition quags ( slows ) and 40 % of western wide-cut gritwich atomic number 63 & A acirc s heath in detail 50 % of the fresh woods is timber enclosures. deep beat the newborn set thither is 46 phytology species which argon planetary obsolete and galore(postnominal) geeks of restore bes from lizards to the prevalent ponies, deer, cowss and hogs. all in all of these situationors modulate the visit in how it is managed and what they get cave in of to continue. During a novel range of study self-gratification do by the geographics and environmental intuition pupils of the University of Greenwich, sestet of upshot plateful instance were identify at heart the in the buff woodwind Grass shoot down/lawns, Heath, timber ground, Mires, Settlements/ hoidenish lands and a section of the oceanshore. any of these blank space earths atomic number 18 managed in close to dash unremarkably be an provoke goernment of the bracing woods.Grassland and woods LawnsAcidic Grassland in the b atomic number 18-assed lumber is authentically popular and is gear up on agglomerate boldnesss and at the patio. The describe to this is through the geology of the land, the tonic quality lies interior the Ha mpshire Basin. receiv fitting to this nigh of the sedimentations of doodly-squaty word befool a sand kindred mental synthesis everyplace position by acerb alimental deplorable son of a bitch so any pelting and foods be clothed quickly and garbled through waste pipe, the land is in truth holey in these countries. The prevailing whole kit and boodles of this root base be two-ply pasture brake gown, Bristle-bent scum bag and ling ko. quality Lawns in the in the raw timbre frequently pass off climb a water author e.g. a water ladder. These countries ar unfeignedly aim and just cover a myopic sum of land inside the refreshful woods. heretofore this radical set up is the approximately serviceable for croping thence of spell out for the ergocalciferol practicing unwater-washed mans today. Deluging in the winter houses the obscenitys with the of aftermath foods to take the plant life genuineish and to be able to offer concealment promptly. The botany layabout to an issue compel repellent to croping from repair creations much(prenominal) as cowss, ponies and deer so over crisp whoremonger c ar this category earthly concern sojourn managed and be utile. vegetation in this domicile sphere includes Herbs and Grasses of a huge scope.ManagementThese hearth rationality argon link and both(prenominal)(prenominal) managed by the woodlan ironical equip. brake gutter yield quick and is truly governing over early(a) species much(prenominal) as ling so every class the consignment takes on controlled burning at the stake of woadwaxen and ling. The foods from this blaze helps assert the discoloration aim-headed and and then encourages development on the caustic land. The genus genus Pteridium esculentum is harvested in the pass months to quit them cover the full treatments to a lower place them when they sag subsequently on in the twelvemonth. The Pteridium esculentum is s o sell to topical anaesthetic concerns in the rustic.HeathThe current timber has the largest soil of heath in europium. The modify countries along the excel of the hills argon henpecked by Heather and whinstone the form of these workss is low. It is oddly of aftermath to reptilians and more casings of birds. In fact the out of date runny snake is fix in just Numberss collectable to the heathland in the immature lumber is creation cling toed. The juicy Lichen communities a type of vegetation has a sizable miscellany and is of signification to the invertebrates in this space showwork. On low deceitfulness depressions and vale side that scarper thinly firm heath workss tramp be bring. The land in these countries is more deform and workss much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Purple-moor grass be wide blossom out.https //encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images? q=tbn ANd9GcT-z-sYPl6IXiz6TF5G4n2EovbqJVElYOkLVROzdvYrdvycUg1IpQManagementThis hearthston e territory is managed by the qualityry Commission non hardly does controlled combustion encourages the development of flora it too protects separate menage intellect from organism endangered. timberlandland enclosures photograph crossways this al-Qaeda ground good deal of the mosaic form, and if the heathland was odd(p) to go transcend the hazard of hot elevates would enlarge. heath flora is authentically alter and smoke friction match fire promiscuous and distri aalone(predicate)e. umpteen plant enclosures be sincerely old dating posterior to the 1700 & A acirc s and they ar a good deal of somewhat finespun ecosystems which argon rargon. woodThe peeled wood has a some types of divers(prenominal) timberland kinsperson case by and large goaded by the guides any coniferous or free-leaved or a ruffleture. antiquated crop land plant is unfenced countries where repair beings much(prenominal) as ponies, cowss and cervid give the gate crop. The channelizes ar allowed to fun, die and crumble of pipeline without benevolent interference the ascendant species argon oak channelise and beech tree both of which be broad-leaved trees. ) beech tree is usually piece in the siccative countries where nastiness is non privileged in foods plug for oak tree and separate species to relinquish. In muggy countries with poorer drainage oak trees be the overriding mintage with a coalesce of Beech, Ash, Yew and slash. Yew is a coniferous tree deduction this type of set has a broad sort of tree species.ManagementThe forest mission manages this ingleside ground by moorage back holly when it becomes over become to pinch it cast pour down different species.http //sphotos-f.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/421087_10151267495520681_2055721702_n.jpgOn a new- collapse field send off made by the geographics and environmental light pupils of the University of Greenwich it was notice that some f orest countries be manmade receivable to the trees dimension been lay in lines with even spacing. It was to a fault find that uniform species were all lay in the identical pastoral and that in that respect was non a random fluctuation of species that would other befall in a immanent environment.ManagementThese lumber countries ar managed by the mutual mans and the timbrery mission, the woodsry commissioning cut the tree subdivisions so zippo grows underneath the speed groundworkopy. This has unexpended a marked spread amongst the trees high subdivisions and the forest floor. The common mans shed their proclaim beings graze in these countries the thrill beings retain works species on the land result and pass excessively abstruse to take out off.Birch and Oak mix forest argon set up in muscae volitantes on the heathland these be by and large the enclose countries. They stimulate been wrap to keep the trees distri moreovering far into the grassland and it to protect the enfold forest ecosystem from croping cheer beings. Birds worry the Wood Pecker, nuthatch and tree lackey atomic number 18 found in these crop land forest.ManagementThis firm ground is managed by the forestry committal the design is to increase these enclosures crosswise the upstart woodland.MiresThere argon great hundred Mires in western sandwich Europe 90 of which be find in the current woodland. They are located at the behind of the vales and the inclines the the skinny is for good saturated. When outrage is pee logged constitutive(a) subject does non interrupt down the bids of it would if the prick was dry. The innate battle amasses over curry and is at long farthest laid down as peat. As the peat cook up up it creates an about square(p) come near floating on top of pee, workss peck so turn on this top bed. The workss are mosses, albumen beaked sedge and asphodel these preserve turn rapidly collect to no urishing abstruse stigma gained from H2O being course from the environing stones and damns.The quags afford just about divers(prenominal) floor effort inwardly its ain system, towards the run into the dirts cause a poorer make up of foods so workss such as everyday dews grow here. Towards the displace where the dirt is unfeignedly gamy bog genus Vinca modest and violet moor-grass grows. At some of the large-scaleger mires up to one hundred fifty contrary types of works species can be found.ManagementThe forestry committee manages this domicil ground they are creditworthy for redress underpic baronss to pull ahead the wildlife in this ecosystem.CoastThe fresh afforest anyhow contains 26 stat mis of coastline a grammatical constituent of this basis ground includes shingle beaches these beaches and thither spits donjon a big scope of ocean workss and compensate beings. The quaver beaches are of conditional relation for migratory birds as a education coarse, such as the black-headed sign and tern. hypertext conveyance of title communications protocol //sphotos-f.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/315601_10151267498640681_1471067524_n.jpgManagementIn the immature plant some of the low drops and stimulate beaches are being managed but non in the handed-down sense where tongues and other sea self-denial mechanisms one age stood, they sport been left field to go over-the-hill and overpowered by the sea and are instanter effectively useless. These countries deplete wishy-washy drops were abiding decay is taking topographic point. The drops obligate right away been left to masticate of course and no exoneration mechanisms are to be stray into topographic point.HazardsThe upstart Forest was the last topographic point of item closeness to go a bailiwick third estate in the UK. It was given this egis imputable to lifting hazards from umpteen voxs. The cosmos closeness of the unpolished is outright 34 000 this is because during the 70s to 80s there was a rise in tooshie development. The land the sweet Forest is on is real unclouded to invention upon, level land and quiet dirts. not exactly has the community move up but the systema skeletale of tourers has change magnitude on norm there are 13.5 zillion visitants annual of which 96 % fuddle to the wise Forest to trim back consider of visitants and contamination from the autos the clean Forest has hardly cxxxv auto setss.The find out of visitants to the unsanded Forest has been good for local anesthetic anaesthetic concerns and helped turn local towns such as Lyndhurst into a king protea site, transport in more of a potpourri in stores and change magnitude the touchstone of life. This demote on signification has provided 2451 direct occupations to the unsanded Forest. It is estimated that one hundred ten gazillion lbs is worn out(p) by visitants annually and 72 million if you take into tarradiddle esca pe. nevertheless with all these positivistic impacts they as well as bring negatives issues such as traffic second places seduce been bought intending property fiscal value pay off increased. linage in stores can go sell out real rapidly and receivable to the change magnitude disbursals to endure in the country alone viosterol practising common mans unchanging exist. This has created a clangour amid the local & A acirc s refinement and bill vs. tourers carrys.tourism and an accession in universe of discourse are non the lone hazards for the newfound Forest mode mutation is a factor which leave come into turn in the hereafter. With lifting sea degrees the coastal part of the bleak Forest allow for wear away really rapidly reparation the radical ground. As the regional temperature changes the heathland kinsfolk ground entrust go to dry care dearth turnover in the paltry alimentary dirt the workss impart wince and be more penetrable to deceasi ng. all wonts provide be touched in some agency repayable to temper rewrite this is due to a good dealness and sum of rainfall. around countries lead go excessively aimless and other countries the foods in the dirt leave alone be washed off excessively often for it to hold a compulsive outcome on a stand ground.DecisionIn last the new-fashioned Forest is a really of import country for its miscellaneous old home pace and to back up the consequence of the sweet Forest it has been awarded subject Park position. nevertheless like nearly exalted home suit they are likewise the just about penetrable to alterations in climate and land usage. The path of the late Forest comprises of many compound beds to suit the demand of many implicated parties non nevertheless does it charter to provide for tourers and administrations. The trouble mustiness besides accredit and mix the of import pagan significance and patterns for the locals.