Stages of Meiosis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Phases of Meiosis - Assignment Example The cell increments in mass. The chromatids of every chromosome (two sister chromatids of one chromosome) are held together by a centriole. Chromosomes loop up together shaping an axle. Homologous chromosomes come nearer and structure a quadruplicate. For each pair of homologous chromosomes the trading of hereditary material may bring about the traverse of chromosomes. New blends of alleles on chromosomes are the consequence of traverse. The homologous chromosomes scatter and move towards inverse posts of the cell. The resultant is the confirmation that each new cell that will in the end structure would get just a single chromosome from homologous pair. The axle separates and the chromosomes uncoil in the end partitioning the cytoplasm into two separate segments. Two little girl cells structure. They contain precisely 50% of hereditary data of parent cell. This is on the grounds that they contain just a single homologous

Digital Forensics on Cloud

Question: What is advanced crime scene investigation? Explorethe data of the advanced crime scene investigation in distributed computing. Answer: 1. Presentation: The examination includes the data of the Digital Forensics in Cloud Computing. Distributed computing alludes to the way toward conveying and facilitating administrations over the web. The principle points of interest of it are that the client can buy in the administration on the month to month premise or according to use (Patrascu Patriciu, 2013). The equal preparing, organizing, cryptography are the fundamental data innovation perspectives through which distributed computing portrays a processing design which includes numerous scientists (Martini Choo, 2012). 2. Cloud Forensics Issues: The issues that have been confronting with respect to cloud crime scene investigation can be sorted as following. Dependence on cloud specialist co-op: The information controls and access to the different cloud models, programming as administration, framework as a help and stage as an assistance, by the clients and agents, varies (Sang, 2013). As the client doesn't have induction to the application log, the reliance of the specialists on the CSPs or cloud specialist organizations are high in regards to SaaS model. In the IaaS model, the specialists are permitted to start arranging proof with no help of CSP. Without the help of CSP, the client can acquire just an elevated level of logging-related data (Patrascu Patriciu, 2013). Unstable information: The supplier doesn't offer determination stockpiling for VM cases. The VM occasions are exorbitant. The significant information that dwells in the working framework, system and records become inaccessible to the agents after the client stop the usage of a VM. For obliterating the advanced impressions, the programmers can misuse the circumstance by ending VMs after the assault (Ruan et al., 2013). Multi-tenure: Storage assets and cloud-based figuring are shared by the different clients. With respect to and authentic destinations synchronous usages of the physical structures are finished. So it turns out to be very trying for the suppliers for offer confirmation to the specialists without abusing the legit protection of inhabitants (Sang, 2013). Lawful Issues: In request to court order confirmations of physical area is required which is consistently unrealistic in the out in the open circulated cloud (Martini Choo, 2012). 3. Specialized Challenges: The advanced examination alludes to the way toward overseeing the criminological proof of data. In regard of the specialized point of view, it very well may be expressed that the data is accessible at three particular stages, for example, very still, moving and in execution. Nature and Sources of Proof: In regard of the specialized pieces of the legal examination, the amount of the conceivable evidence with respect to the examination goes amiss among the different cloud sending model and administrations (Patrascu Patriciu, 2013). Virtual Cloud Instance: as far as the stage as a help and programming as an assistance, the capacity of getting to the virtual cases with respect to the way toward gathering the evidential information is basically impractical or can be profoundly restricted (Daryabar, Dehghantanha Udzir, 2013). System layer: The standard cloud specialist co-op doesn't as of now offer any log data from the system elements. Taken for instance, if a malware contaminates a foundation as an assistance VM, it very well may be extremely hard to acquire any kind of routeing related data (Ruan et al., 2013). On account of the stage as an assistance and programming as a help, thee circumstance gets increasingly muddled. So from the above conversation, it is clear, the proof that the examiner gets from the client support supplier or client are profoundly influenced (Sang, 2013). Client System: as far as extricating potential evidences from the client's framework, it totally relies upon the pre-owned model of mists, for example, SaaS, PaaS and IaaS (Fahdi, Clarke Furnell, 2013). On account of a thorough criminological examination, the evidence data gathered from the program, the mode of associating the client to the gave application, the earth must not be overlooked (Daryabar, Dehghantanha Udzir, 2013). 4. Structure: The first toward getting a sound working stage is to have the idea of a distributed computing system. Te system contains two essential layers, for example, the board layer and virtualization layer. Figure 1: The Cloud Framework The virtualization layer holds workstations that contain the VM's hosts and include practically empowered equipment. The modules in the structure are as following. Security: This module handles all the security procedure in the cloud framework. For making the module basic enough that it demonstrations a disturbing and interruption recognition module (Dykstra Sherman, 2013). Approval Engine: The module is liable for accepting new assignments that should be completed. It is additionally liable for looking at whether the got occupations are really executable or not (Ruan et al., 2013). Virtual Tasks: Constructing the reflection between the payloads and information mentioned is the activity of these modules (Daryabar, Dehghantanha Udzir, 2013). The payloads must be conveyed to the cloud based framework. Scheduler: It is the most urgent module in the system. It is dependable fro completing a scheduler which depends on rent and keeping the equalization of the got solicitations to the between self-sufficient framework and same self-governing framework (Sibiya, Venter Fogwill, 2012). For finding the new administrations, occurrences and burden balancer it speaks with different modules. Hypervisor interface: The module comes into utilization while interpretation layer is required for a specific programming seller (Zawoad Hasan, 2013). Burden circulation: Both the even and vertical scaling are done in this module. An alternate application structure must be running for decoupling the code in regards to the present fundamental time (Chung et al., 2012). Inside Cloud API: The module is liable for building up the connection between the cloud framework and the virtualization layer. At each usage, a typical interface has t be offered for making the framework increasingly adaptable while keeping up the high level of reflection (Shirkhedkar Patil, 2014). Outside Cloud API: The module gives the chance to the clients for connecting with the framework. The module is answerable for giving motivations to including new assignments in the cloud framework. The undertaking prerequisites are put away and sent to the motor part (Chung et al., 2012). After the introduction of the ideas of the cloud system, the alteration so as to develop the distributed computing structure criminological empower is required. The prime target of the legal empowers system is to gather all the log and scientific data from the virtual machines which are on gong inside the virtualization level (Zawoad Hasan, 2013). A typical interface for cloud legal must be created as an arrangement of fair portion modules. What's more, through the procedure client space applications must be impaired or initiated at runtime. The goal is to offer the clients an open door for taking care of the interface with the portion building menu. Here comes the idea of the bit based virtual machine or KVM (Shirkhedkar Patil, 2014). It is a totally virtualized application which can be get in the mainline dispersions of the Linux bit. The piece runs as an equipment with AMD or Intel processor. 5. Results: So as to test the methodology two situations have been given, one is legal empowered structure and the other is essential distributed computing structure. The hubs responsible by methods for the executives, virtualization, virtual machines extra room and legal sciences level have been represented as a gathering of servers. The equipment that was used was included AMD Phenom II X6, 8GB RAM, 6 centers RAID0 designed hard-circles which runs on KVM and QEMU. The QEMU have been utilized as a hypervisor interface. What's more with that, the stage was comprising of numerous different parts, for example, an Intel DualCore, AMD C-60 DualCore, 4GB which goes about as and capacity layer and 4GB RAM that goes about as the administration layer (Patrascu Patriciu, 2014). For the system layer 10/100 MB was utilized. A Node.JS Modue has been utilized for the testing. It will permit to get all the parameters from the V8 virtual machine. The test has been led through advances, for example, watch, quan tify and break down the system transmission overhead and correspondence. # Rent development time (mili second) Rent check (mili second) Time for Lease mount up (mili second) 1 204 10 1 2 289 11 1 3 205 11 1 4 262 10 1 Table 1: Result Table of Lease Manager 6. End: From the above examination it tends to be presumed that the advanced measurable examination on cloud is an exceptionally basic errand. The arrangements were sound and compelling. I expansion, the arrangements were secure and solid. The conversation of the layers and their qualities gave the data that helped with understanding the system appropriately. Continuously gone, more researchers are getting pulled in toward the occurrence reaction and figuring legal sciences. The focal point of the investigation was to upgrade the wellbeing, accessibility, security and unwavering quality of the distributed computing framework. Because of the geological dissemination and heterogeneity a few issues in regards to the safe asset the board is confronted. In different parts of the framework there exist difficulties while doing undertakings of advanced crime scene investigation on cloud. References: Al Fahdi, M., Clarke, N. L., Furnell, S. M. (2013). Difficulties to computerized legal sciences: A study of analysts specialists mentalities and conclusions. InInformation Security for South Africa, 2013(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Chung, H., Park, J., Lee, S., Kang, C. (2012). Advanced measurable examination of distributed storage services.Digital investigation,9(2),

A Modern Day Sleeping Beauty Free Essays

Sometime in the distant past there carried on a youthful couple who had discovered genuine romance and were bound together by destiny. His name was Brian and hers was Melody. They lived it the delightful city of Anchorage, Alaska. We will compose a custom paper test on A Modern Day Sleeping Beauty or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Brian was a C-17 Pilot positioned at Elmendorf AFB and Melody a first grade instructor at nearby school. Song was a wonderful sight; her body was athletic, her hair fell over her shoulders and was featured to the most delightful blonde, her skin was perfect and her eyes were blue yet not a standard blue; like a tropical sea and they shone like the water when the sun hit it. Brian wasn’t so terrible himself. He was what all young ladies imagined Mr. Perfect to be. He was tall and turned out to be frequently; his muscles could be seen through his shirt, his hair was dull, his skin tan, and one could become mixed up in his puncturing green eyes. Brian and Melody spent each opportunity they had together outside of their bustling timetables. They continued night strolls together and early morning runs. They sat on their entryway patio and watched the sun rise and set in the delightful snow secured Mountains of Anchorage. Most ends of the week the couple would set aside a few minutes for supper and a film. Brian and Melody were made for one another. Indeed, even an outsider could obviously observe the affection they had for one another could never bite the dust. (Sight Touch) It was a virus energetic night in late December; the climate had changed very quickly. The breeze rose with a sponsorship wind, it brought a blurred sky and an overwhelming blizzard with it. A whiteness of winter evening appeared to have shut upon the city, shrouding it in a cover of day off. Brian and Melody were getting back in the wake of having supper at the Olive Garden and viewing the film â€Å"The Black Swan†. They had made the most of their night out at supper and a film. The smell of garlic drifted through the air from the white styrofoam box loaded up with Sicilian Scampi and the brilliant kind of light rich popcorn stayed in their mouths as though they were all the while reveling on it. The climate brought the most exceedingly terrible driving conditions; (Sight) everything around them appeared to vanish in a thick white cloudiness through which huge snowflakes of snow were flying; the sky converged with the earth. (Hear) The breeze blew with freezing impacts and such power it cried around the vehicle as it became dim the music playing over the radio. The vehicle influenced while Brian battled to recover the street that was presently a snowdrift covering the yellow and white painted lines. The difficult street conditions were welcoming impact as different vehicles surpassed an inappropriate roadside and had a total dismissal for speed limits. Brian profoundly thought and felt open to driving his 4 wheel drive Rubicon in these conditions. Breaking his focus; Melody quickly yelled, â€Å"Brian, that truck, he is in our lane†! Brian didn’t have the opportunity to respond, â€Å"Crash†. The airbags conveyed while the jeep flipped end over end and slid on the white cover of snow that was previously the street. The jeep ground to a halt arrival on its rooftop, the windows were broken out and the headlights shinned straightforwardly at the truck that had hit them. The Ford F-150 sat upstanding sideways in the street. It paused for a minute for Brian to come to reality with what had simply occurred. He looked over at his significant other who despite everything stayed there limited, oblivious and draining seriously from her head. He could hear the alarms of an Ambulance and Fire Truck off out there. Before he knew it he and Melody were being hurried to the emergency clinic in an Ambulance. Brian lay there in the rear of an Ambulance enduring just minor wounds. Tune lay opposite him. Time appeared to stop while he viewed the Paramedics attempt to resuscitate his significant other. He yelled at the Paramedics, â€Å"do something, accomplish something! † â€Å"Please accomplish something; if you don't mind don’t let my better beyond words! † They showed up at the emergency clinic in what appeared to take hours to Brian. The Paramedics had the option to get Melody’s heart thumping yet she was as yet oblivious. Brian paced to and fro all over the emergency clinic corridors as his better half experienced medical procedure. The Dr. at long last came out and stated, â€Å"I have uplifting news and awful, your significant other is by all accounts stable however she is in a trance like state that could be uncertain. † â€Å"Indefinite†, Brian yelled! The Dr. endeavored to quiet Brian and Explained, â€Å"I can’t guarantee that she won’t wake up however it might take a supernatural occurrence. She could get up tomorrow, she could wake up in a month or she could be a Modern day Sleeping Beauty†. The next months felt like a very long time to Brian. Tune lay there in a profound rest and Brian stayed close by. Brian would address her delicately while catching her hand or squeezing er fingers; He would disclose to her he cherished her and beseech her to wake up. He played tunes the couple had moved to from their wedding and perused to her from her preferred books. Regularly Brian would run his hands through Melody’s long light hair respecting her magnificence longing for a future they had arranged. The Dr. ’s indicated little expectation that Melody could ever wake up yet Brian never quit any pretense of accepting. Six long Months had passed and summer had come. Brian was at his last mind and edgy. One late night Brian said a supplication for his better half as he did each prior night. At that point he hung over her bedside and argued, â€Å"Melody on the off chance that you can hear me, it would be ideal if you simply give me a kiss. † What occurred next was past Brian’s most out of this world fantasies. To his stun Melody reacted; gradually she turned her head towards his, puckered up her lips and gave him the littlest kiss. At that point destiny was fixed firmly, limited by one basic kiss and they lived cheerfully ever after. â€Å"You can’t stop destiny; â€Å"Whatever will be, will be†. Life presents unavoidable dangers. You can’t stop the destiny of True Love; it is likewise unavoidable. Genuine romance merits having confidence in and True Love never bites the dust. Instructions to refer to A Modern Day Sleeping Beauty, Essay models

Re-examining the Decline of Spain essays

Reevaluating the Decline of Spain papers Richard Kagan writes in his shrewd article, Prescotts Paradigm that Spanish history is frequently dominated by students of history obsession with the decay of Spain. While a portion of the preference could initially be attributed to against Catholicism and bigotry, most present day antiquarians have figured out how to conquer the most exceedingly terrible of these predispositions. Nonetheless, there are still a few students of history who center around Spains saw backwardness or decay, refering to the reason for Spains tumble from a force to be reckoned with on a bumbling government and an absence of advancement among dealers. In this paper, I will endeavor to find what the potential causes were for Spains vanishing from the world scene. In his ongoing article, Elite Self-Interest and Economic Decline in Early Modern Europe, Richard Lachmann utilizes his tip top model to evaluate Spains decay, asserting that Spain neglected to progress due to an absence of a brought together state and an avaricious shipper class. He composes, The Spanish Empire neglected to accomplish financial predominance notwithstanding its geopolitical power on the grounds that privately based elites in every Spanish territory and settlement constrained the assignment of monetary or HR by the focal state or by a putative business world class. Lachmanns Elite Model spotlights essentially on who controls the state and business assets, instead of on the assets themselves. He contends that the consolidated Habsburg and Catholic Church control caused a disappointment when it came to monetary development: The joint Habsburg-highborn mastery of workers, towns, and the Catholic Church hindered Spanish financial turn of events. Lachmanns guarantee likens to a similar kind of bigot and hostile to administrative grant that Kagan cautioned against. Would spanish be able to decrease truly be laid at the doorstep of the government and the Catholic Church? Or then again are there bigger powers at work that added to Spains decay? The t... <!

Stone, Lucy

Stone, Lucy Stone, Lucy, 1818â€"93, reformer and leader in the women's rights movement, b. near West Brookfield, Mass., grad. Oberlin, 1847. In 1847 she gave her first lecture on women's rights, and the following year she was engaged by the Anti-Slavery Society as one of their regular lecturers. As a speaker she had great eloquence and was often able to sway an unruly and antagonistic audience. She married Henry Brown Blackwell in 1855 but continued, as a matter of principle, to use her own name and was known as Mrs. Stone. In 1870 she founded the Woman's Journal, which was for nearly 50 years the official organ of the American Woman Suffrage Association and, after 1890, the National American Woman Suffrage Association. After her death it was edited by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell. In 1921 the Lucy Stone League was formed to continue the battle for women's rights. See biographies by her daughter (1930, repr. 1971) and E. R. Hays (1961). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Complicate Government System Of U.S. - Free Essay Example

The United States of Americas government system is a truly complex and intricate work. Beginning so long ago, the American government system that is implicated today took years and years to advance and become stronger, becoming one of the powerhouses of the world as we know it today. Then again it wasnt always like this. In American history, a key element to the foundation of America is government and the changes the system has gone through the years. This essay will discuss some of the changes that occurred from 1900 to 1945 in the country. With important topics such as progressivism, The Square Deal, The New Deal, Suffrage movement, WWI and WWII, and also the New Era this essay will specifically address the actions taken by the government or not taken by the government and their effects on the American people. With the country constantly going through difficult times and attempting to control its citizens from 1900-1945, certain actions the government took were, the assistance of the Courts to make decisions, the ability to pass laws with Congress, and the implications of orders and deals by the President.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With rapid industrialization hitting America and times beginning to change and advance the government looked for federal and state level courts to assist in the creation of new order and a better way of life. This occurred during the Progressive Era when the industrialization of America was accelerating. The decisions that surrounded this political movement were founded to improve the quality of life, change the before corrupt and inefficient government and allow more government voice and involvement in businesses. The impacts during the time of the Progressive Era were seen as both positive and negative by different sides of the American community. In the progressive community many believed that the rich should be superior. However, not just any rich people, white wealthy men should remain wealthy and superior. This meant that whites would dominate business and main outlets in industry. In the black community this was seen and taken negatively. One of th e eras most celebrated black leaders, Booker T. Washington, proposed another idea for racial accommodation to what he thought was a path towards progress. Washington was an educated black man, that was born into slavery but found his way out and became loved by many including whites. He proposed that in the time of the Progressive Era people need to stay segregated and support their communities but push for each and everyones individual rights and equality. Blacks should also start and create businesses for themselves and their communitys well being and prosperity. After the Progressive Era came the War but after that came the New Era. The New Ear, similar to the Progressive Era, was Americas continued economic growth but this time with a boom in consumer culture. After the first World Wars end in 1918, the American government started to encourage business but with less involvement physically in businesses. At this time there were a large number of positive outcomes and reactions from citizens. There became a higher importance for consumer goods, with people spending to feel good and to increase social status, as well as the introduction to credit spending. African Americans during this time also decided to make their mark on society. Commonly referred to as the New Negro blacks, attempted to change their position in society with the introduction of businesses and more societal contribution. As the American society advanced and people gained more power and economic security within themselves the government needed to establish better laws, and regulations through Congress. During the New Era, the 1920s with cities and businesses booming alcohol became an issue to the government. To battle alcoholism, reduce violence and crime rates, and lessen the tax burden created by the prison system, Congress put forth the 18th Amendment. The 18th Amendment called for the prohibition of alcohol. This rule put forth by the government had a very opposite result and impact on the society, instead more people pushed against the amendment and fought for alcohol to be easily consumed and available. At the end of this Era there became a huge gap in wealth with distribution at one percent, as well as decline in wages also leading to an increase in personal debt. Another decision the government made in the past was the establishment of the 19th Amendment. At the time suffrage for women was not a universally accepted dilemma. It wasnt until the National Women Party in 1913, that womens voices were heard about the issue. Women became more public to push for change participating in picketing and then hunger strikes in jail. With all the attention the issue brought the 19th Amendment was finally passed. While the government continued establish better laws, they also had a responsibility to take care of their states in times of need. One of these actions taken was the creation of the New Deal. With the Great Depression tearing apart American citizens creating unemployment at 23.6% and a 40% bank failure, the New Deal projects and programs, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, were to stabilize society and aid those who were suffering. The New Deal didnt necessarily help all races however. For African Americans it offered some certain programs but segregation still existed alongside racism and blacks were still excluded from social security. As for the Mexican community, they were asked to come and leave based on the availability of work active, and even if you were a child born in America with Mexican parents you had to leave as well. Asian Americans were also payed to leave the country so that they didnt have to take care of other races. An important time where the New Deal was successful in helping a community was the Dust Bowl. The Dust Bowl was a time in which it had stopped raining from 1932-1939. With mostly all their crops destroyed and hard to find food the government had ste pped in to provide aid. Red Cross services provided face masks to prevent people from inhaling dust while the government provided canned food, relief checks and even money for cattle to be slaughtered. With benefits to the New Deal and some drawback it overall didnt create too much economic movement. It didnt end depression or unemployment, it didnt redistribute the wealth, and it didnt solve governmental issues or economical issues but it prevented the country from becoming worse. Although decisions and actions like the New Deal might have not solved issues like the Great Depression, Presidents decisions definitely impacted America both positively and negatively. America engaged in war with Germany, Japan, Vietnam each ending with America, or the Allies, victory. In World War 1 the United States fought with the Allied forces, England, France, Italy and more, against the Central Powers, Germany, the Ottoman Empire and more. After the first war they had planned for peace and Woodrow Wilson created the 14 points plan, fourteen points of peace after the war. Soon after Wilson proposed the League of Nations for the resolution of international conflict but the United States never joined. It was at the League of Nations that Treaty of Versailles was made in 1918, blaming Germans for sole responsibility of the war. In America after WWI the economy started booming but an interesting reaction was noticed in the African American community. In the war blacks who had answe red the call to service ended up being segregated into jobs of less worth, when initially they had gone to prove their worth and make claims for equality in America. They came back with everything looking the same. This led to the Great Migration where many African Americans moved through the country, some to Africa to start new communities. This rapid migration led to the development of many black communities in popular cities like New York, Los Angeles and more. Later WWII had a similar global impact, but in the United States specifically it drastically boosted the economy. At the end of WWII wartime production was so high that it ended the Great Depression. A lot of the help that was provided to boost production came from people who stayed at home during WWII, because it was the largest armed conflict in history people wanted to help wherever they were. In many situations women would help in the war efforts, to make and supply troops with different gear or other needs like transportation, food, clothing etc. These women would often be family members of troops who are fighting in hopes to see their loved ones faster or to feel a sense of contri bution even for the smallest of tasks. Jobs provided during the war time also made more more money and a better salary than others. Women were able to find a meaning to life and a sense of purpose during the war. Even with the country constantly going through difficult times and attempting to control its citizens, certain actions the government took were, the assistance of the Courts to make decisions, the ability to pass laws with Congress, and the implications of orders and deals by the President. It is interesting to learn about the governments actions and their impacts on the society because a lot of times you may not be aware of the direct effect on your life. In todays society the United States government arguably makes a lot of irrational decisions and takes actions many would avoid completely. As the government progresses and advances in the modern day it is important to look at the impacts the governments decisions have on your life.

Down Syndrome A Congenital Disorder Arising From A...

Down syndrome is a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, the chromosome causing the problems is Chromosome 21. Down syndrome current affect about 1 in 600-800 live births in the United States. There are about 400,000 Americans that have Down syndrome, with approximately 6,000 babies are born with this disorder each year. The disorder is thought to form during gametogenesis, during fertilization, or soon after fertilization (Daniilidis, et al. 2015). Fertilization occurs when the sperm binds to zona pellucida, then the sperm undergoes acrosome reactions which will lyses a hole in zona pellucida, and then the sperm and egg membrane fuse. Once the membranes fuse, the sperms genetic material gets released and gets combined with the egg’s chromosomes, thus resulting in a 46 chromosome fertilized egg. This is the mostly likely phase in which Down syndrome gets formed, since it is caused by a mistake in cell division during the development of the egg, sperm or embryo. The mother or the father can be the origin in which the extra partial or full chromosomes come from, but approximately only 5% have been traced to the father. Maternal age is the only risk factor that has been linked to an increased chance of Down syndrome. Down syndrome is not inherited, but 4% of translocation Down syndrome is inherited (Mayo Clinic Staff). Down syndrome is characterized by three different types: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), translocation, and mosaicism. The cause of Trisomy 21 isShow MoreRelatedA Parent Of A Child Diagnosed With Down Syndrome1270 Words   |  6 Pagesbe sick, disabled, or harmed in any way. It is not an experience anyone expects to have, it is a journey that is unplanned. Heather is the mother of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome. Heather shared her story, along with the everyday struggles she faces, in a personal interview about her child’s diagnosis of Down syndrome. Though she may face many struggles, she has found hope throughout different therapeutic interventions. Occupational therapy has played a key role in Kaleb’s everyday performanceRead MoreMy Virtual Observation Essay : Educating Peter Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesFor my virtual observation, I watched Graduating Peter from YouTube and observed Peter Gwazdauskas through middle school and high school. This documentary made in Blacksburg, Virginia. Graduating Peter has a setting based on the 1980’s educational system. Peter has down syndrome. In addition, Peter was diagnosed with depression. Also, I observed his daily life task and challenges. Students Observed In 1992 â€Å"Educating Peter† was released. â€Å"Educating Peter† was recorded while Peter was in the thirdRead MoreCase Study in Nursing8060 Words   |  33 PagesINTRODUCTION Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a complex series of rare but well-studied enzymatic errors of metabolism with deficient levels of different enzymes involved in the synthesis of cortisol (hydrocortisone). CAH comprises a group of disorders resulting from defective synthesis of adrenal corticosteroids. Lack of glucocorticoids, especially cortisol, causes various kinds of metabolic problems. The response to low levels of cortisol is increased production of corticotropinRead MoreUnit 2 study guide8637 Words   |  35 Pages(p.461) 3. Where is the primary defect in Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons? The inferior-most portion of the basal ganglia is the substantia nigra, which synthesizes dopamine, a neurotransmitter and precursor of norepinephrine. Its dysfunction is associated with Parkinsons disease (p.455) The basal ganglia system is believed to exert a fine-tunning effect on motor movements. Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons diseare are conditions associate with defects of the basal ganglia. (p.452) 4.Read MoreNU 545 Unit 2 Essay10921 Words   |  44 Pagesbalance and posture. ! 2. Know the function of the arachnoid villi. 3. Where is the primary defect in Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons? - (Pg 459) The inferior most portion of the basal ganglia is the substantia nigra, which synthesizes dopamine, a neurotransmitter and precursor of norepinephrine. Its dysfunction is associated with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsons and Huntington’s are both defects of the basal ganglia. P. 564-565 ! 4. What is the function of the CSF? Where is it producedRead MoreBhopal Gas Tragedy7928 Words   |  32 Pagesother toxins from the gas plant. This leakage affected around half million people. According to the official data, the immediate death toll was 2,259. However, the government of Madhya Pradesh confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths due to gas lekage. But other government and non-government agencies estimate more than 15,000 deaths. Thousands of children died after the accident or were permanently disabled. Around 70 per cent of the children born before the disaster continue to suffer from respiratory diseasesRead MoreDental Question Bank33485 Words   |  134 Pagestooth could see A. B. C. D. E. F. Surface resorption, external resorption Internal resorption Inflammatory resorption Replacement resorption A, C and D All of the above 13. The percentage of total dentine surface dentinal tubules make in 0.5mm away from pulp is A. B. 20% 50% 14. The junction between primary and secondary dentine is A. A reversal line B. Sharp curvature C. A resting line D. A reduction in the number of tubules 3 15. What is the correct sequence of events A. Differentiation of

Children Relational Aggression Effect Of Children...

Children Relational Aggression 1 Children Relational Aggression: †¨The Effect of Children Aggressive on Peers Interaction†¨and the Gender Differences in the expression of aggression Nada El Masri Sacramento State University The Effect of Children Aggression on Peers Interaction And Gender Differences In the expression of aggression Relationships with peers have significant importance in the lives of very young children by allowing them to experiment with roles and relationships and develop social cognitive and†¦show more content†¦However, the purpose of this study is that children are at risk for poor relationships with teachers and peers because of the difficulty of behavior (Madill, Scott, Rodkin, 2014) and sometimes could cause disruption for teachers and peers which can affect their social cognitive and behavioral schills. Another purpose is to know that early childhood years is very significant for children to learn positive way to interact with other, and to be an acceptable human being in any social setting. In addition, this study investigates the relation between the aggressiveness in the factor that are associated with peer interaction and social behavior in a sample of preschool-age children. What about the gender differences in the expressive of aggression? Are boys use physical aggressive more often than girls are? Are girls and boys interact differently with their peers? Review of the Literature One theory that prompted research on how boys and girls differ in the expression of aggression was that boys are more aggressive than girls’ theory. Several researchers in the past suggest that boys act in aggressive way within the peer group context for physical dominance (Crick, gropeter 2012). The idea was the exploratory examination of gender differences in patterns of association between physical aggression and the social interaction revealed that the relationships were only true for boys. In other word,

The And White Collar Crime - 897 Words

1. Literature Review Crimes have been occurring in our society for many years and recently the occurrence of non-violent crimes has increased dramatically. Traditional and white collar crimes have two traits in common, an objective and a modus operandi, but the major difference is that a white collar criminal has a plan and also the ability, knowledge and technology to execute it (Nevis, 2012). White-collar crimes can occur at any occupational level and affects all parts of society, from big businesses to individuals. Some associate the definition of white-collar crime mainly to economic crime, but others include corporate crimes like environmental law violations and health and safety law violations (Barnett, 1999). It is interesting to note that corporate crimes such as environmental pollution typically involve corporate personnel on various levels for purposes of implementation, from CEOs to low level workers (Payne, 2013). Overall this project will deal with environmental and white-collar crime outlining the similarities and differences between those. 1.1 White-collar crime 1.1.1 Definition and theory Recently the issue of white-collar crime has gained a lot of attention and it is quite common to notice such cases in any part of the world. The term itself is rather old as it was coined by Edwin Sunderland in 1939 and white-collar crime is defined as crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation (Payne, 2013). TheShow MoreRelatedWhite Collar Crime1488 Words   |  6 PagesWelcome to the age of white collar crime. A time when the words thieves and businessmen go hand in hand. White collar criminals dont get their hands dirty in their work. They use their heads to get what they want instead of using a little muscle. These criminals are just as dangerous as the rapists and murderers. In these times, even the most seemingly respectable people are suspected of white collar crimes. President Clinton and the first lady Hillary Clinton have been tangled up in the WhitewaterRead MoreWhite Collar Crime1407 Words   |  6 PagesWhite Co llar Crime White collar crime is prevalent and brought to our attention more and more by the media since the mid to late 1990s. With the downfall of companies such as Enron, Tyco Toys and WorldCom MCI white collar criminals are facing lengthy prison sentences. Greed and personal vendettas are what have led our country to understand and gain more knowledge about these corporations and the corrupt CEOs that have brought them to their demise. â€Å"White collar crime is defined as various crimesRead MoreBlack Collar Crimes And White Collar Crime1956 Words   |  8 Pagesexplaining what white collar crime in its introduction. The paper will then explain the distinct types of white collar crimes, after that different case study’s will be presented from the book to give examples of the diverse types of white collar crimes. After that the paper will talk about the diverse ways to combat white collar crimes while also going over the challenges law enforcement face when fighting white collar crime. Finally, the author will give his conclusion on white collar crime. Read MoreWhite Collar Crime941 Words   |  4 PagesA present day study of the term white collar crime, is as controversial as it is general. If you log onto the F.B.I. website to see a host of crimes ranging from health care fraud to computer fraud. (www.fbi.gov) Criminologists, with a focus on the law, contend that many of the behaviors society believes to be white collar crimes are in fact not crimes at all. Without a statute to define a behavior as a criminal violation of law, behaviors could be labeled by individual standards rather than inRead MoreWhite Collar Crime2498 Words   |  10 Pagesdefinition of white collar and white collar crime * Various types of white collar crime B. Thesis statement: There are 3 causes of white collar and 5 way to combat with white collar crime. II. The cause of white collar crime is opportunities to commit crime. A. The loophole of the law and security B. An individual well known the operation of a company, the chances to commit fraud is higher. III. Second causes of white collar crime are workersRead MoreWhite Collar Crime1831 Words   |  8 PagesWhite collar crime has been present for many years. It may have been over looked, but it still was present even in the twentieth century. White collar crime can be defined as nonviolent, illegal activities that principally involve traditional notions of deceit, deception, concealment, manipulation, breach of trust, subterfuge or illegal circumvention. White collar crime is a broad category containing many different types of offenses. Even things such as music piracy seem to fit this definition. SmallRead MoreBlack Collar Crime : White Collar1828 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: Sometimes known as the ‘victimless’ crime, White Collar Crime includes crimes such as fraud, embezzlement and, more often than not, results in the criminal profiting money-wise which is one of the biggest lures into White Collar Crime (WCC). WCC, has become more and more easier and accessible as businesses move closer towards technology and further away from paper documents which makes it easier to commit WCC as, if you knew what you were doing, you could cover your tracks easier thanRead MoreThe Crime Of White Collar Crime2571 Words   |  11 PagesCrime is such a general word, and describes a whole conundrum of activities that are seen as unlawful. The oxford dictionary defines crime as â€Å"an action of omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law†. There are many different types of crimes, and they are classified based on the seriousness of the crime. Minor crimes/offences, for example a traffic offence, are called misdemeanors. More serious crimes, like murder, are called felonies and are punishable by more than a year inRead MoreThe Crime Of White Collar Crimes1677 Words   |  7 PagesAn Individual that is in prison is a criminal no matter what type of crime he or she may have committed . There are no boundaries regarding, race, sex nor a social status in crimes. All crimes are the same no matter what type of crime it may be. Most women that are incarcerated are either from middle or lower class families of society. However, no matter what type of crime has been committed, it is the decision of that individual to obtain an education or the ability to learn while incarcerated. FurthermoreRead MoreWhite Collar Crime2109 Words   |  9 PagesCrime Crime refers to many types of misconduct forbidden by law. Crimes include such things as murder, stealing a car, resisting arrest, possessing or selling illegal drugs, appearing nude on a public street, drunken driving, and bank robbery. The list of acts considered crimes is constantly changing. For example, at one time, people were charged with witchcraft, but this is no longer illegal. Today, it is becoming a serious crime to pollute the air and water. In colonial days, pollution received

Essay on The Tell-Tale Heart - 852 Words

Andrew Fiddler Professor Esquivel English 1020 15 February 2013 Themes of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Edgar Allen Poe explores the similarity of love and hate in many stories, especially â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart.† In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† the narrator confesses a love for an old man whom he then violently murders and dismembers the body and hides the pieces below the floorboards in the bedroom. When the police arrive, the narrator appears normal and unshaken by the murder. Later on, the man gives in to the guilt and cannot withstand knowing anymore and not telling anyone. The narrator reveals his madness by attempting to separate the person of the old man, whom he loves, from the old man’s supposedly evil eye, which triggers the narrator’s†¦show more content†¦The narrator reveals his inability to recognize that the â€Å"eye† is the â€Å"I,† or identity, of the old man. The eyes symbolize the essence of human identity, which cannot be separated from the body. The eye cannot be kill ed without causing the man to die. According to the narrator, â€Å"For it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye.† (Poe), the eye not the old man haunted him and had to be eliminated. Characterization also helps the reader understand the theme. I think that the narrator is unnamed to give the reader another sense that this whole story could happen to them, or anyone they know. It shows the theme that everyone has an evil side, and although it is hard to admit, all humans are capable of committing a murder such as this. But just like everyone is capable of committing this kind of crime, everyone also feels the guilt after the deed is done. As the story goes on, the readers can see the madness growing in the narrator. At first, he tells the story quite calmly. He even explains that after the murder, he was completely calm with the police officers. The narrator then states â€Å"The officers were satisfied. My manner had convinced them.† (Poe), thinking he could get by with the murder but he could not stand the guilt that came along with it. By the end of the story when he hears the heartbeat, his whole mannerism changes. He is stressed and his words and thoughts come out in a panicked tone. Interestingly, there is only one set of spoken words that theShow MoreRelatedThe Tale the Heart Tells523 Words   |  2 PagesMany a night, just at midnight, when all the world slept, it has welled up from my own bosom, deepening, with its dreadful echo, the terrors that distracted me. I say I knew it well. I knew what the old man felt and pitied him although I chuckled at heart† (Poe 2). The narrator sees the man as his double through such an emphasis on their similar features, which later becomes crucial as the narrator feels the need for the displacement of his fear. The fact that the old man’s fear is warranted due toRead MoreEssay on The Tell Tale Heart655 Words   |  3 PagesThe Insane Killer One of Edgar Allan Poe’s most terrifying tales is â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†. Poe’s life was tragic because many of the women that Edgar Allan Poe loved very much had died of tuberculosis- his mother, his foster mother, his wife Virginia, and the men in his life kept abandoning him, so that made him dark and depressed. That darkness shows in a lot of his stories, including this one. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† is a story about a murder the narrator commits. He kills an old man becauseRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesBeating Heart With a descriptive epistle of murder and insanity, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† threw itself into history as a classic. The narrator tells of his plot to murder an old man with a â€Å"vulture eye.† Although he sneaks into his bedroom, night after night, he still cannot murder the old man, because he loves the man, but hates the eye. When seeing the vulture eye on the eighth night, he murders the old man and dismembers his body. While insisting upon his sanity he hears the old man’s heart beatingRead MoreTell Tale Heart Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"Tell Tale Heart,† Edgar Allen Poe develops the plot and creates a mood through the use of metaphors, symbolism, imagery, and foreshadowing. The unique use of said literary devices enables the story to strongly entice the reader’s interest and spark high levels of curiosity. The vivid mental pieces of art are beautifully painted with metaphors, symbolism, and imagery, the tools mastered by the p ainter, Edgar Allen Poe. The initial analysis will be that of the old man’s eye. Mr. Poe uses veryRead More A Hanging and A Tell-Tale Heart1541 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters of the guard from George Orwell’s â€Å"A Hanging† and the servant from Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"A Tell-Tale Heart†, they both experience the act of taking another person’s life. The guard from â€Å"A Hanging† works at a prison in Burma where felons await execution. His job is to lead the convicted men to their doom and makes sure everything goes routinely and swift. While the servant from â€Å"A Tell-Tale Heart† is a psychopathic man who lets his obsession over his boss’s glasseye lead him to plot and carryRead More The Tell Tale Heart Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesIn the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, the narrator is extremely uncanny due to the reader’s inability to trust him. Right from the beggining the reader can tell that the narrator is crazy although the narrator does proclaim that he is sane. Since a person cannot trust a crazy person, the narrator himself is unreliable and therefore uncanny. Also as the story progress the narrator falls deeper and deeper into lunacy making him more and more unreliable, until the end of the story where the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart 1110 Words   |  5 Pagesdespicable villains are marked with indifference towards their moral reprehensibility. â€Å"In the Penal Colony† and â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† both elucidate the idea that corruption, darkness, and immorality alike are unperceivable to the one afflicted. However, while â€Å"In the Penal Colony† suggests that this blind nature is a result of dutiful honor, responsibility, and hope, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† alternatively submits that it is a result of the possibility of fulfillment. Distinction between bothRead MoreThe Tell-Tale Heart Confession593 Words   |  2 PagesProbably not, but most americans have had this issue in that past. The narrator in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† had the same exact same problem during his span as a butler. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is a short story composed about a butler that murders his master because he didn’t liked the way his master’s eye looked when it was open. The meaning of the title â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, means that every heart has a tale to tell. At the ending of the story the narrator openly admits that he killed his master to policeRead MoreThe Black Cat And The Tell Tale Heart957 Words   |  4 Pages the manner in which he expressed these emotions was his brilliantly horrifying short stories. In the two short stories â€Å"The Black Cat† and â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† Poe uses characterization to portray the guilt of the narrator. â€Å"The Black Ca t† short story’s writing has a morbid effect on readers and describes the torments of guilt. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Poe explores the effects of the subconscious mind, the suppressing of guilt and the narrator’s guilt forcing him to confess.† â€Å"The Black Cat† isRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart And The Black Cat1612 Words   |  7 Pagessome differences in his works. In two of his works, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Black Cat†, he uses the fatalities of his mother and wife to write two great stories. Although â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Black Cat† by Edgar Allen Poe seem similar on the surface because of the happiness in the beginning of the stories and the murders by the end, whereas they both represent the pain Poe dealt with in their own way. In both â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Black Cat†, both main characters murder innocent

Algeria and Libya Free Essays

The entire world is aware of the fact that Italy, France, England, and many others of European and Western origins were settlers in various places around the world, and these people established colonies in these nations, thereby influencing and impacting the nations’ people greatly. Take Italy, for example. This was a country that was among the last in Europe to start imperial expansion, probably because of the fact that the city-states were not united until the second half of the nineteenth century. We will write a custom essay sample on Algeria and Libya or any similar topic only for you Order Now Libya was one of the last few African territories that escaped colonization until the end of the nineteenth century, but its very proximity to Italy made sure that Libya was influenced in three major areas, like state formation, the modes of popular resistance, and the types of regimes that emerged after independence. (Bruce St John, Ronald (2004) Algeria was one of the countries that was subjected to heavy colonial influence. Areas like education, business, and so on were controlled by the French for almost a hundred years, and the impact is felt in the country even today, in certain aspects of life in Algeria. (Algeria, Arabization 1993) It is important to remember that in Algeria and in Libya, colonial policies were shaped by the specific politics and economics prevalent in each European colonial state at the time, like for example in Italy, the colonial policy was a liberal one, recognizing local states of resistance. This factor enabled Libya to follow different modes of resistance. As far as Algeria was concerned, the French colonial policies were different, and in essence, it can safely be said that French colonization managed to destroy the pre-colonial state of Algeria (Ahmida, Abdullathif Ali 1994) Now, one can examine the state formation of Libya and Algeria, so that one can understand better how Italy and France influenced these two states in this aspect. State formation in these states is an issue of national consciousness. France encouraged European colonization in Algeria from 1834 onwards, and Muslim lands were confiscated and in their place, a flourishing colony was created, completely separate from the Muslim majority. Muslims of the state emulated the popular form of resistance to European influence by proclaiming a war of independence, launching terrorist attacks against the French in the process. It was in 1962 that Charles de Gaulle was able to successfully proclaim independence for Algeria, and the Islamic Salvation Front enjoyed great popularity at the time because of its populist appeal. Violence, however, continues in Algeria to this day, and the majority of perpetrators are Muslim extremists. There is no peace in Algeria, and many experts feel that the European colonization, the subsequent fight for independence, the formation of the state, and eventually the regimes that emerged after independence may have influenced the state in an adverse manner. (Naylor C Phillip 2001) Most Libyans today would remember the fierce fight for independence from colonization and escape from the all pervasive Italian influence. In 1970, Colonel Qaddafi managed to expel more than twenty thousand Italians who were living in Libya at the time, but today, Italy is one of Libya’s largest partners in trade. In 1988, Libya was implicated in an air crash in Lockerbie, Scotland, and subsequently, the UN has imposed sanctions on the country. When Qaddafi refused to comply with the sanctions, Libya became politically and economically isolated during the 1990’s. Illegal migration continues to this day, and recently, Italy had to pass an order to curb the phenomenon, but apparently, Libya has done nothing to implement it. Saif al-Islam, the son of Qaddafi, announced that he would sign a deal to compensate Libyans for thirty two years of Italian colonization. (Undoing the Damage 2008) In 2003, Libya showed its willingness to rid itself of weapons of mass destruction, and also of its missile program ‘Missile Technology Control regime. ’ (Background note, Libya 2007) Today, it can be said that although Libya and Algeria revolted against colonization, they did learn a few lessons from the Europeans, and their influence has lasted to this day. The countries maintain amicable relations with each other to this day, although rivalry and opposition does exist at all levels. European influence at several different levels and in different aspects of life cannot be denied, however, and perhaps this is the reason why leaders in Algeria and Libya tend to try their best even today to deny any allegiance to the people who were once the leaders of their countries. References Ahmida, Abdullathif Ali (1994) The Making of Modern Libya, State Formation, Colonization Google Book Search Retrieved August 20, 2008 from http://books. google. co. in/books? id=eUM2phcxIFICpg=PA141lpg=PA141dq=settler+colonial+policies+of+Italy+and+Francesource=webots=yVOfYhDdLTsig=SMwjAMfMXLNufvTXCUK9BZ_RHQUhl=ensa=Xoi=book_resultresnum=1ct=result Algeria, Arabization (1993) Country Data. com Retrieved August 20, 2008 from http://www. country-data. com/cgi-bin/query/r-365. html Background note, Libya (2007) Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs Retrieved on August 20, 2008 from http://africanhistory. about. com/gi/dynamic/offsite. htm? zi=1/XJ/Yasdn=africanhistorycdn=educationtm=120gps=322_421_796_420f=10tt=14bt=0bts=1zu=http%3A//www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5425. htm Naylor C Phillip (2001) History Algeria Part 3 Retrieved August 20, 2008 from http://www. discoverfrance. net/Colonies/Algeria3. shtml Undoing the Damage (2008) The Economist July 31 retrieved on August 20, 2008 from http://www. annoticoreport. com/2008/08/italy-and-libya-continue-reconciliation. html Bruce St John, Ronald (2004) Libya’s Former Colonial Master The Globalist Retrieved August 20, 2008 from http://www. theglobalist. com/DBWeb/StoryId. aspx? StoryId=3813 How to cite Algeria and Libya, Papers

Denver International Airport Baggage Handling System †Free Samples

Questions: 1.What went wrong with the project? 2.How the project should have been completed Answers: Introduction Public projects are put in place to achieve certain objectives. However, as a result of different factors, both avoidable and unavoidable, such projects may end up failing or causing a catastrophe which may be associated with loss of life, property or both. Lack of risk management, unreliable estimates, over allocated resources, poor communication, scope creep and lack of monitoring and control are some of the reasons why projects fail. The 1990s Denver International Airport Baggage Handling System Originally viewed as the most advanced system in the world is an example of a failed project(Crowder, Carbone Demijohn,2015). This report aims at exploring the causes of failure of the project and options that could have been used to avert the failure of the project 1. The growing demand for Airport services in the United States led to the establishment of the Denver Airport which housed the largest baggage handling system in the world in the City of Denver. The Airport which was established on a 140 km area of land was intended to handle at least 50 million passengers on a yearly basis that would make Denver a hub for air transportation. With this significant number of anticipated clients, an automated baggage handling system became a necessity. The automation of baggage handling system would significantly lead to improved efficiency by lowering the aircraft turnaround to 30 minutes and hence making Denver airport, the airport of choice for many travelers (In Reussner,2016). Although the aims of the automated baggage handling system were quite positive and would have transformed Denver Airport into one of the Best Airport not only in the United States of America but also globally, the underestimation of the complexities involved in the project transformed the project into one of the most humiliating project failures in the recent times for all the stakeholders involved. The automated system was anticipated to serve all the airlines and concourses of the Denver International Airport by facilitating movement of luggage between planes, from check-in to plane and from plane to baggage claim. Although there were some concerns over the complexities involved in the project which made it unfeasible according to some, these were not addressed before the implementation went on (Winch Dawsonera, 2010). Involved were also constant project changes and challenges with the supply of electricity. An unplanned for media demonstration of 1994 was the biggest public displ ay of the failures of the project team tasked with the implementation of the project. During the demonstration, the system was characterized by the collision of carts moving at high speed and crushing of bags and scattering of their content. After this incidence, the system was nicknamed the baggage system from hell. What followed was a blame game between the contractors and officials from the Airport (Hart Gregor, 2005). The project challenges that were experienced led to the postponement of the opening date for the Airport by a whole 16 months. The expenditure for maintaining the empty stadium escalated the cost of the project by $1.1M per day, costs which were pegged on the City of Denver. On the final day of the opening of the Airport, the complete system was just a shadow of the initial plan. While the project contained in the initial plan, had all the concourses and airlines of the Airport integrated into a single system, the complete system could only be used by a single airline, a single concourse and by Outbound flights only. Although intended to be fully automated the complete system relied on manual tug and trolley system and the use of conveyor belts which were hurriedly incorporated into the project on the realization that full automation was a distant reality. Although the shadow project remained in operation for ten years it missed its initial targets by far and required maintenance cos t of $1 million per month which was not tenable, the project was abandoned entirely in 2005 and was replaced with a manual system (Hass, 2009). 2. Several factors should have been considered to facilitate the success of the project. Addressing of Complexity concerns It is clear that the failure of the Denver baggage handling system was as a result of failure to make critical decisions on the complexities involved in the project by the project team as well as underestimation of the complexities (Van Punter, 2011). Although this issue was brought to the attention of the project team, the implementation process still went on without any changes. The project team should have taken sufficient time to analyze the technological challenges that were involved in the project from the planning phase without underestimation of any aspect of the system. This would have led to the identification and elimination of the complexity challenges experienced Risk management strategies Just like any other project risks are common phenomena but which can be mitigated. This, therefore, requires possible risks to be identified before the implementation of a project which should then be followed by identification of strategies that can be applied to manage any potential risks. The implementation of the project was characterized by numerous technical challenges including power fluctuations for which no allowances or remedy strategies had been put in place (Rebentisch Prusak, 2017). The project team should have engaged in risk management activities to identify some of these possible challenges so that sufficient risk management strategies to address them would have been put in place in advance. This would have eliminated the delays experienced in the various stages of project implementation. Implementation of the initial strategy Change of strategy was one of the factors that led to the failure of the Denver project. In the initial planning before requesting of bids for the project, the strategy under consideration had each airline make individual baggage handling arrangements which hand prompted United Airline to proceed with a plan to implement their automated luggage handling system. However, two years before the official opening of the system, the project team changed the strategy and decided to implement the adoption a single luggage handling system for all the airlines to facilitate central control (Kock,2007). The schedule pressure experienced was partly because of the uninformed change of strategy. Although the change of strategy was appropriate for the project, its timing was wrong. The project team should have therefore set out the correct strategy for the project in the onset or avoided change of strategy in the in the middle of the implementation of the project Conclusion In conclusion, several factors need to be considered in any given project. Failure to weigh different options can lead to an absolute failure of a project or its inability to achieve its original objectives. Failure to consider the complexities involved in the Denver International Airport luggage system led to the realization of a shadow of the intended plan, which led to wastage of significant amounts of money, time and other resources. These challenges could have been avoided by putting in place risk management strategies, sticking to the original plan of the project and addressing the complexity related concerns that were raised before the implementation. References Crowder, J. A., Carbone, J. N., Demijohn, R. (2015). Multidisciplinary systems engineering: Architecting the design process. Cham: Springer. Hart, D., Gregor, S. (2005). Information Systems Foundations: Constructing and Criticising. Canberra: ANU Press. Hass, K. B. (2009). Managing complex projects: A new model. Vienna, VA: Management Concepts. In Reussner, R. (2016). Modeling and simulating software architectures: The Palladio approach. Kock, N. F. (2007). Systems analysis design fundamentals: A business process redesign approach. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. Rebentisch, E. S., Prusak, L. (2017). Integrating program management and systems engineering: Methods, tools, and organizational systems for improving performance. Van, . L. P., Punter, T. (2011). Views on Evolvability of Embedded Systems [recurso electrnico]. Paises Bajos: Springer Netherlands. Winch, G., Dawsonera. (2010). Managing construction projects: An information processing approach. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

Information Pack free essay sample

With an international reputation for innovation, high quality education and research, and global relationships, it is not surprising that Oxford Brookes University has been voted the best modern university in the Sunday Times Good University Guide for seven years in succession. The Business School is one of the leading schools for teaching and learning in the UK, being a national Subject Centre in Business, Management, Accountancy and Finance, and Oxford Brookes University is one of only sixteen institutions across the UK to have received two multi-million pound awards to establish more than one Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning. Oxford Brookes University – like other UK universities – has degree awarding power, granted by Royal Charter. But what does this mean? Well, these powers are granted on the basis of Oxford Brookes University having appropriate procedures for assuring the quality and standards of its awards in both design and operation, and being subject to the scrutiny of the QAA, the body responsible to the UK Governments Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills for assuring the quality of UK Higher Education in the public interest. So although you don’t physically attend Oxford Brookes University to gain the BSc (Hons) degree in Applied Accounting, the degree programme is of the same rigorous standard as other degrees offered by Oxford Brookes University and meets standards set by QAA. In an independent assessment of teaching quality, the Business School was one of only two in the country to achieve the maximum score (24/24) across more than one subject area. The Schools reputation has also been recognised through the award of a national, multi-million-pound Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning, which has developed a new learning centre on campus with the latest technology to support learning in a cafe-style environment. In a recent QAA audit of Oxford Brookes University it concluded that it has broad confidence (the highest category available) in the quality and standards of its awards. So by gaining the BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting, awarded by Oxford Brookes University, you will not only demonstrate to potential or existing employers that you possess all the relevant graduate skills to equip you for a brilliant career in accounting and finance, but that it is from a university that has a reputation for excellence. 4 2. Eligibility To be awarded the BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting you must:  · Be eligible for the degree. This means you must be registered with Oxford Brookes University i. . opted-in to the BSc degree scheme before passing any of the three ACCA Fundamentals papers, F7, F8 and F9  · pass the three ACCA Fundamentals papers F7, F8 and F9 and pass other papers as required to successfully complete all nine Fundamentals level papers  · complete the ACCA Professional Ethics module before submitting a Research and Analysis Project to Oxford Brookes University.  · complete and pass the Oxford Brookes University Research and Analysis Project The degree must be completed within 10 years of your start date onto the ACCA’s professional qualification otherwise your eligibility will be withdrawn If you are unsure on your eligibility for the BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting degree, then you should firstly refer to myACCA which will tell you whether or not you have opted in to the degree scheme and whether or not you are eligible. If you are not eligible for the degree programme, then it will be for one of the following reasons: You enrolled with ACCA before the BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting degree was introduced When the degree programme was introduced in 2000/2001, all eligible registered students were required to opt into the degree scheme by November 2001. Any student who did not do so, would have been automatically withdrawn.  · If you registered with ACCA prior to 2001, have yet to complete Papers F7-F9 and are within 10 years of your start date, please contact ACCA Connect to opt into the degree programme. You ticked the box on your ACCA registration form stating you did not wish to join the Oxford Brookes University degree programme If you are yet to complete Papers F7, F8 and F9, you may opt back in to the BSc degree by contacting ACCA Connect.  · If you have already passed ANY of Papers F7, F8 or F9, then unfortunately it is now too late to opt back into the degree programme.  · If you hold exemptions for any of Papers F7-F9, then you may contact ACCA Connect to forfeit these in order to remain eligible. This must be done before sitting any of the other core Papers of F7-F9 once you have forfeited your exemption you cannot reverse this decision. 5 You do not hold a suitable English language qualification  · Providing you complete Paper F4, then this will be acceptable. Oxford Brookes University deems Paper F4 as proof of English proficiency therefore you should complete this exam and opt in with ACCA before passing Papers F7-F9. You enrolled with ACCA over 10 years ago  · The BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting degree has a 10 year deadline starting from a student’s start date with ACCA. If this has expired in your case, we regret that you are no longer eligible to complete the degree with us. 6 3 Conversion arrangements ACCA exam conversion arrangements Oxford Brookes University will recognise any passes or exemptions from Part 1 and Part 2 exams in the ACCA Professional scheme that are converted to the Fundamentals level of the ACCA Qualification, as contributions towards the award of the BSc degree. ACCA Professional Scheme exam passes before June 2000 You will be subject to both the requirements of the transitional arrangements, published when the degree was introduced, and the requirements of these conversion arrangements. 7 4. Aims and outcomes The principal aim of the BSc degree programme is to widen access to Oxford Brookes University (OBU) and enable ACCA students across the world the opportunity to obtain an OBU degree. The BSc degree aims to enhance and extend the knowledge and skills gained by you in your professional studies, and to improve your effectiveness as a professional accountancy student and future finance professional. 4 . a) Programme regulations Admission The minimum academic entry requirements for registering on the BSc degree are two A Levels plus three GCSEs (grade C or above) in five separate subjects including Maths and English. Oxford Brookes University recognises a number of other qualifications which satisfy the minimum English language requirement, including a Pass in ACCA Paper F4, Corporate and Business Law. Further details can be obtained from the ACCA office at Oxford Brookes University. If you registered with ACCA under the mature student entry route (MSER) and do not have an acceptable English Language qualification, you will be permitted to register for the BSc degree only after you have passed Paper F4, Corporate and Business Law. If you are a CAT student, and have passed the CAT Advanced level exam papers, you meet all the entry requirements for the BSc degree. Exemptions As a registered student, you may be given exemptions from one or more of the nine ACCA specified exam papers. Exemption decisions are made by ACCA and ACCA exemption policy is periodically reviewed by Oxford Brookes University. However, if you wish to achieve the BSc degree you must sit and pass all of the three ACCA subjects F7, F8 and F9. No exemption can be given from the Professional Ethics Module or from the Oxford Brookes University Research and Analysis Project (RAP). Progression When you register with ACCA to undertake the ACCA Qualification, you are automatically registered with Oxford Brookes University for the BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting, unless you opted-out of the BSc degree programme at the time of initially registering with ACCA. If you have opted-put, you may re-register for the BSc degree scheme provided you have not passed any of the three subjects – F7, F8 and F9. If you have passed any one of these three subjects you cannot then register on to the BSc degree. Conversion arrangements have been developed for completion of the BSc degree if you have passed one or more ACCA professional scheme exams by, or at, the June 2 0 07 ACCA exam sitting. 8 Oxford Brookes University Research and Analysis Project You must pass or be exempt from the ACCA Fundamentals exams, including sitting and passing all of F7, F8 and F9, and complete the Professional Ethics module before submitting a RAP to Oxford Brookes University. You will need to find a project mentor to assist you with your RAP, by providing guidance and advice on your RAP and also to verify that you made an oral presentation at the end of your project research. Your project mentor should be a member of staff at an ACCA tuition provider, your line manager or an ACCA qualified member. Please note that this is different role to the role of the workplace mentor you need when completing your practical experience requirements, although you may find that your line manager is the most appropriate person to fulfil both these roles. Oxford Brookes University has two submission periods each year during which you may submit an OBU RAP. An OBU RAP that is submitted after the end of a submission period will be returned unmarked to you, but it may be resubmitted in the following submission period. You are required to pay a project submission fee to Oxford Brookes University with any project submission. See the section on Submission Periods for the current submission fee. 4 . b) Programme learning outcomes On completing the degree programme, you will have demonstrated a capability to: Knowledge and understanding K1 Critically evaluate accounting concepts and principles and their application in solutions to practical accounting problems. K2 Prepare financial statements of entities, including groups of companies, using relevant financial information, accounting techniques and standards; and to analyse and interpret such financial statements. K3 Use relevant management accounting techniques with cost information, for planning, decision-making, performance evaluation and control, within different business settings. K4 Apply financial management techniques to issues affecting investment, financing, and dividend policy decisions of an organisation. K5 Understand the general legal framework, and apply specific legal principles relating to business, including taxation legislation as applicable to individuals, single companies and groups of companies. K6 Explain the process of carrying out the assurance (audit) engagement and its application in the context of the professional (audit) regulatory framework. K7 Describe the organisational context of the accountant and of the development of accounting information systems; to understand the need for the efficient use of resources within an organisation. K8 Understand the ethical responsibilities of professional accountants, including the principles of the ACCA code of conduct, and to reflect on ethical dilemmas and potential solutions. 9 Disciplinary and professional skills D1 Prepare non-complex financial statements using generally accepted accounting principles. D2 Evaluate and comment on the performance and financial situation of organisations using a range of interpretative techniques. D3 Select and apply appropriate accounting and financial management techniques to organisational business planning, decision-making and control. D4 Understand the limitations of accounting techniques and the implications of such limitations. D5 Understand the limitations of acquired knowledge of legal and taxation issues and recognise the need to seek further specialist advice where necessary. D6 Communicate analysis of accounting and financial information and recommendations to a variety of different audiences. Transferable Skills T1 Solve problems through the identification of key issues, synthesis of information and analytical tools, and the presentation and critical evaluation of a range of options. T2 Communicate appropriately in writing and through an oral presentation.

How to Prepare For an Essay Sample on the Digestive System

How to Prepare For an Essay Sample on the Digestive SystemA good essay sample on the digestive system is one that can inform and enlighten while making a good first impression. This is exactly what makes this type of writing challenging because it is not only difficult but also very similar to that of normal essay writing. Fortunately, a good sample will go a long way in assuring that you are well-educated on this topic.The first step to composing such a sample is to take note of all the key terms that relate to the digestive tract and how they are used in everyday living. Being knowledgeable about this topic is a must because the topic could be critical for your future career. By following these simple steps, you will get an essay sample on the digestive system on your desk.After gathering the required information, you will need to separate the data into its main parts. You will need to keep this information separate so as to prevent using the same phrase and giving the same informa tion to more than one person. To make sure that the information is well-organized, write down the main part before writing the introduction. In the beginning, it is best to limit yourself to a few main parts before expanding later on.One thing to remember is that the digestive tract has four parts: small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and intestines. You should use this to help develop a sample essay on the digestive system. If you are not sure what the different parts are, it is better to consult an expert. This is something that will help you with future essays.The next step in preparing a sample on the digestive system is to gather the necessary information. By putting in mind the fact that every one of us is consuming food in the morning, it is important to write down what you eat before you head out for work. By doing this, you will be able to prepare your dietary needs beforehand.In writing an essay on the digestive tract, you will have to organize the details in the way you think. That means, your ideas about the whole process should be well-organized so that you will not miss any detail in the document. By taking note of all the important facts, you will be able to write an essay on the digestive tract as you would a regular essay.When considering which topic to write, you will have to look for effective topics that can be more or less related to the topic. By looking for relevant topics, you will be able to find a good topic for your document. If you are trying to write a sample on the digestive tract, you will have to remember that you will be creating a topic on an entire topic. Therefore, it is very important to remember all the words you use for your document.By following these easy steps, you will be able to prepare an essay on the digestive tract and put it on your desk. These tips will help you be prepared for the test and improve your chances of passing the exam. Before you decide to submit your papers, it is best to do some research and gather knowledge about the topic. This will help you greatly when writing an essay on the digestive tract.

Be Truthful or Else----Essay on The Odyssey and Medea compared and contrasted.

Be Truthful or ElseEssay on The Odyssey and Medea compared and contrasted. Truth is an extremely important quality in all human beings. Being truthful vital whether you are a noble, or whether you are a beggar on a street corner. It is essential to be honest because honesty and truthfulness show a lot about ones character, and show a person's true colors. Odysseus and Jason, two main characters in Greek Mythology portray many differences facing trust, and portray two different views on how to be trustful and how not to be. Odysseus is trustful throughout the Odyssey, but lies when he must to help others, whereas Jason is nothing but a sneaky, deceitful liar who in the process hurts his wife and brings horror upon himself. Throughout the Odyssey, written by Homer, and Medea, written by Euripides, we will truly see Odysseus' and Jason's true colors.In "The Odyssey", Odysseus is truthful to his family and friends. Although Odysseus is truthful, there are many instances where Odysseus does indeed lie, but does so for the right reasons.ODYSSEUS karnavires 66I be lieve is ok to lie, when you are helping friends and family in the process. Not all lies are harmful, but it is not ok to hurt others in the process. Odysseus lies to his enemies so that he can keep his identity a secret. Odysseus being powerful, handsome, and a great lover is envied by many people, and has to lie to keep himself out of harms way. Odysseus lies for the right reason when he meets the Kyklops; "'Kyklops, you ask my honorable name? Remember the gift you promised me, and I shall tell you. My name is Nohbdy: mother, father, and friends, everyone calls me Nohbdy'" (Homer, Book IX, ll. 380-384). In this quote, Odysseus does indeed lie to the Kyklops, but does it to protect...

7 Strategies for Your Side Hustle

7 Strategies for Your Side Hustle In a perfect world, we’d all get paid handsomely to do what we’re most talented at doing, or what we’re most passionate about doing. In our world, however, we often end up choosing jobs and career paths for a more complicated set of reasons: some skills are more marketable than others; bills need to be paid; or maybe there just aren’t enough full-time job openings for someone who makes custom jewelry for hamsters. Whatever the reason, your day job might not be your ideal passion. If there’s something you’re yearning to do, or just want to make some extra money on the side, you have options for creating a fun and profitable â€Å"side hustle† for yourself.Think about what you already have going for yourself.Are you crafty? Do all of your friends come to you for proofreading or grammar advice? Have you developed monster design skills over the years, even though you’re an accountant? You may have skills or interests with earning po tential, even if you don’t realize it yet.Don’t forget that if you have a skill or interest that isn’t fully developed, you can take classes or spend some time honing them into business-ready shape. You don’t need to be ready to launch overnight.Make sure it fits.If you have a skill that might be profitable but you don’t love doing it, then you may be better off not pursuing it. Remember that you’ll likely be doing this in your spare time. If you can’t face the idea of going home after a long day at work and spending three more hours editing the huge batch of photos you were hired to take at your cousin’s friend’s bar mitzvah last weekend, then maybe you’re not ready to start a second career as a photographer.Take a look at your life overall. You’ll need to devote a lot of time to your new side gig: producing goods or performing services, selling and marketing yourself, developing your brand, and dealing wi th the logistics of getting your stuff out there. If you’re already crunched for time for basics like meals, sleep, or family time, chances are you just won’t have enough time for your fledgling business.Check out your potential market.If there are already 18,000 freelance designers in your city looking for jobs on sites like Elance.com, you might want to think twice about entering that fray. Before you start any kind of side business venture for yourself, research the heck out of it! Know what kind of online sales and marketing channels are available to you and what kind of audience you would be serving. Make sure you understand who would be buying from you and what kind of quality they expect.This research is also essential to help you figure out pricing for your business, based on what’s out there You want to make sure you’re not undercharging and costing yourself potential profits or overcharging and scaring away potential customers. See what’s working for other people in your field, and come up with a pricing game plan.Get expert advice.Reach out to other professionals in your chosen area. Ask questions about what’s worked for them and what didn’t, and try to get a sense of what the obstacles are for someone embarking on this- especially part-time. Their advice can not only show you a path forward (or at least let you know where the potholes are on the road), but also give you a sense of how you should package yourself.Don’t let lack of cash deter you from getting started.If you have a brilliant idea and a plan for implementing it but you need money to pay for materials or development, consider crowdfunding it. Sites like GoFundMe or Kickstarter can not only help you raise funds, but also build a network of potential allies and customers to help you bring your vision to the masses.Build your brand.There are so many free online tools you can use to promote your business, there’s no excuse not t o take advantage. This is especially key when you’re just starting out. If you’re not sure yet whether you want to invest your full attention and resources into your new business, start with basics like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram before you invest in creating and maintaining your own website.Develop your business sense.In addition to getting your skills and plan in order, make sure you also know about any legal or financial implications. It can’t be a surprise that Uncle Sam will expect you to pay taxes on your awesome new enterprise, so make sure you’ve done your research about how your taxes will be affected by your status as an independent vendor or contractor. If you want to develop your basic business skills, you can do your own research or take classes online through Coursera or Lynda.com.The hustle is real. As long as you’re doing something that’s fun and stimulating for you (and legal!), there’s no reason you shouldnâ₠¬â„¢t have a mini-career on the side. And who knows? It could turn into your full-time gig somewhere down the line.

Company Products and Processes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company Products and Processes - Research Paper Example They are well packaged in bottles and cans ready for consumption anytime and anywhere. Some of the tea and coffee products include Georgia, Illy, Earth and Sky (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012). The company’s juices or juice drinks come in a variety of brands for consumption by both children and adults. Examples of juice drinks brands include Bright and Early, Fuze, and Odwalla. Water beverages come in various brands that include Dasani plus, Vio, and Zero. Sports drinks offer terrific taste and rapid hydration for the people who seek fitness at any given level. Examples of sports drinks made by the Coca-Cola Company include Fuze, Option, and Zero. Energy drinks brands include Rehab, BURN, Play, Tab, and Full Throme. These brands are good for people who have a high-intensity tendency towards life. This is because they contain ingredients like caffeine, B vitamins, guarana extracts, and ginseng extracts. Other drinks include soup and milk products including Hugo, Epika, and Godiva (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012). To provide and ensure reliability and consistency, the Coca-Cola system is administered by KORE (Coca-Cola Operating Requirements). KORE is a management system that assists the Coca-Cola system to tackle changes in the business landscape. The system attempts to support the company’s growth by developing an integrated quality management program that holds all of the company’s system-wide operations, production standards, and beverage distribution. The KORE system ensures that high product quality, safety, environmental, health, and occupational safety standards are maintained during production. To establish a proper governance process, every business in the Coca-Cola system documents, maintains, and implements a quality and safety system according to the KORE requirements. It isworth noting that the Coca-Cola system is made up of the company, its bottlers, and its consumers. The bottling partners play an important role

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis - Case Study Example It is known fact that when there is reduced accessibility of any one option, people try to seek for alternative options in order to reach their ultimate target. Walking is not a convenient mode of transportation till the campus. Thus, students choose alternative courses of action, which include driving cars to the campus area. The mindset of the students has been set in such manner that they prefer going to the university by cars. There are a number of reasons contributing to this mindset of the students. Firstly, the parking fees are very low, which makes it easily affordable to the students to park their cars within the campus. The university offers lowest parking fees as compared to any other university of Canada. Moreover, the fees offered incentive to the people driving to the campus. The allowance of obtaining carpool passes had several restrictions. Only the people inside the campus on full time basis could opt for car pool pass. In order to apply for this pass, the applicant needs to be the licensed owner of the vehicle. These circumstances have built the mindset of the students in driving cars for reaching the university. Another issue is lack of enough time in the hands of the students. The students coming to the Royal Road University have a specific time schedule based on which they like to perform their day to day activities. Reaching the university by means of other transport vehicles, such as bikes and cycles would consume much more time as compared to the cars. It is due to this reason that they prefer going by personal cars, so that they can easily reach on time. All the above mentioned issues contributed to the increase in the number of driving single occupancy vehicles into the Royal Road Campus. Answer Two The second issue would be addressed in this project. As already mentioned above, the mindset of the students have been set in such manner that they perceive conveyance by means of single occupancy vehicles is the best possible option for th em. There are a number of concerning matters, which are needed to be rectified in such way that it does not have any impact on the ‘time factor’ of the students but at the same time helps the University in fulfilling its objective of reducing the carbon dioxide emission. The University considers sustainability action as one of its primary goal (Royal Roads University, 2013b). The reduction in the carbon gas emission by almost 11 percent represented its effort towards the fulfillment of the commitment. There are various constraints in the fulfillment of goal of the University. The location of the University is in such place that there is no availability of buses. The bikes and cycles would consume much more time to travel thirteen kilometers and reach the university on time. Moreover, allowance of carpooling has been restricted in several areas. These circumstances have built the mindset of the students in a way where they prefer travelling in cars to the University. The above mentioned issue have been identified and addressed as the most critical one which requires special attention in order to meet the goal of the University. Answer Three One of the most important alternatives of addressing to the above mentioned issue is making the students realize the necessity of reduction in carbon gas emission. The University can plan for conducting various programs where the importance of

A Safe Society Going Risky Sociology Essay

A Safe Society Going Risky Sociology Essay Nothing worth having in life is ever attained without taking risk (Nansen, 1927 p36). Nansen; a great Arctic Explorer and Nobel peace prize winner said this in his speech about the human need for excitement. Not only this man, but up to 50% of Norwegian people are willing to take risks in life (Norwegian national survey, 2003). The number of people participating in extreme sports seems to be growing (sportbusiness.com, xtremesport4u.com), as is the number of championships in these sports. It seems there is more news about extreme sports and there are more advertisements. An example of a recent risk taking event that made the news in the Netherlands is a thirteen year old girl who wishes to sail around the world on her own. The news of this girl became prime news and many different institutions interfered with the girls plan. The Dutch child protection tried to stop her. Eventually they succeeded; the girl was not allowed to execute her plan by court order. The example in the last paragraph shows a paradox; the contrast in risk-seeking behavior and the risk avoidance or risk minimization in national policies. Modern policies are aimed on risk avoidance, all risks should be minimized (Beck YEAR, Giddens YEAR, Breivik YEAR). Modern societies do this very obviously. Clear examples; bridges, car, airplanes, nuclear reactors, elevators, toys and electrical devices, all should be safe. People all need to behave according to guidelines (i.e. laws) if you do not you will end up in jail. Different kind of examples but good examples nevertheless are an organizer of a raft event was sued for being negligent when in 2007 two young women died when their raft slipped of a dam, insurance companies giving a discount on their insurance if enough smoke detectors and other safety equipment is present in a house, or the building of gas stations outside of urban areas and dozen more examples could be given. What these different exemplifies is a seemed tensi on between the deeply rooted need for excitement on one hand and the risk avoidance policies by societies nowadays. Where could this seemed tension come from? Elias and dunning (YEAR) write in their book -Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process- that modern society constitutes of routines and relative lack of risk. The comparison is made between Greek wrestlers and Roman boxers to modern ones in order to exemplify the extraordinary violence permissible in antiquity and the soft and rule controlled society of present time. There are also empirical data which raise questions about the theory that the quest for the excitement of sports is an escape from the routines of modern life. This data shows a difference between the ‘richer and the ‘poorer side of society. Poorer, more often the most routinized people (i.e. factory workers), seem less prone to look for excitement in sports than the less routinized richer people of society. On the contrary of this empirical data that thrill seeking, risk taking, sensation seeking and all other synonyms of people looking for excitement has been found to be a personality trait and therefore has genetic roots. The genes involved in this trait are closely related to major personality dimensions like extraversion and psychoticism (Eysenck Eysenck, 1977). A paper by Fulker, Eysenck, Zuckermann (1980) discards sensation seeking almost as a disease. ‘Sensation seeking was found to relate to both extraversion and psychoticism but not to neuroticism. The general pattern of relationships to other trait tests suggests that sensation seekers are impulsive extraverts, but not necessarily neurotic or anxious (Fulker et al., 1980 p262). There does not seem to be an at hand answer to the question: Does a safety-orientated society make people want to look for excitement in for example extreme sports? This is the research question for this paper. We hypothesize that a safety orientated society makes people want to look for excitement in for example extreme sports. This paper is a review of articles present about the raised topic and will try to get an insight in if, why and how people are looking for excitement nowadays. In the first chapter we described what we mean by a safety orientated society. In the second a definition is given of excitement and in the thirth excitement is related to risk. The fourth chapter explores whether extreme sports are truly sports. In paragraph one this is done from the perspective of autonomy, and in paragraph two from institutional embeddedness as proposed bij Tamboer Steenbergen (2007). Chapter five gives an answer to the question why people participate in extreme sport. The last chapter mentions in what way extreme sports are influenced bij our safety orientated society. In the conclusion we give answer to our main question. We do this literature study as an assignment of the Sport and Society course as a part of the Master Human Movement Sciences but the outcome of this paper could be meaningful to others interested in the human need for excitement. 1. A safety-orientated society As mentioned in the introduction the safety-orientated society does play a major part this research. Many examples have been given of this supposed risk avoidance society. But what is it and is the society that different than we world we lived in, in the past? Ulrich Beck, a respected sociologist, wrote about the risk society in 1998 (Beck, 1998; Kelman, 2003). Beck describes a risk society as risk avoiding because everything in daily live seem to be focused on risk. Society wants to know everything about risk and want to avoid every risk. All risks should be controllable, calculable and predictable. In other words each task, each product or each activity is at least statistical analyzed for hazards. Although this definition is useful to understand the term ‘risk society Beck and Giddens decided in a collaboration paper to extend the term risk society into six parameters of risk society. Every parameter is interconnected. The parameters are: the omnipresence of risk, risk is ev erywhere. At the very core reflexive modernity is characterized by an awareness of living in a society of increasing vulnerability to the unpredictable, unfamiliar and unprecedented risks manufactured by modern science and technology. Different understandings of risk, the proliferation of the risk definitions, the reflexive orientation to risk and risk and trust. These six parameters make the definition is more comprehensive, because †¦ Besides this cooperation between Giddens and Beck they did not agree completely. Giddens didnt settle with the first short definition. He insisted that ‘risk is not the same as hazard or danger. Risks refer to hazards that are actively assessed in relation to future possibilities (Giddens, 1999). Further contributions of the definition of risk have been made by Wells, Douglas, Luhmann, Joffe and Fox. They represent different disciplinary approaches to risk. To mention all these different approaches would be beyond the purpose of this paper . But the scope of the different authors may be clear. Modern society is a risk society because societies are focused on risk. Although we completely understand the point of view of the different authors we strongly believe that society is, for the same reasons as proposed by the authors, focused on creating a safe society. The reason why we chose for this contrast is based on our point of view. We have a propensity to look at this society as a safety-orientated society, because we feel that societies aim on safety. From this save society we look into the risks of extreme sports. This contributes to the contrast between these factors. Hereby we presume that a person who starts doing extreme sports started his live in this safety-orientated society (i.e. a predictable and therefore maybe boring society). The people who step out of the safety-orientated society to participate in an extreme sport; what are they looking for? 2. Excitement Zuckermann (1983 and 1994) wrote that some sports activities might provide a method by which sensation seekers satisfy their appetite for excitement. Potgieter and Bisschof took it a little further and proposed that sensation seekers are not interested in low risk and low excitement activities such as marathon running (Potgieter, Bisschof 1990). But what is this need for excitement? This chapter will provide a definition for the need of excitement and explain the sub factors that come forward from this definition. In his paper Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal Zuckerman provides a definition which fits seamless in this paper. He states the need for excitement as: ‘Look for excitement is a trait defined by the need for varied, novel, and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to take physical and social risks for the sake of such experience(Zuckerman 1979, p.10). Between 1979 and the present there has been done much research on this topic. Other researchers added some dimensions and that is why (Zuckerman 1994, p.26) came with a new definition for looking for excitement: ‘sensation seeking is a trait defined by the seeking of varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take physical, social, legal and financial risks for the sake of such experience. Although this better defined definition there was still the need to define it into four sub factors which are: Thrill and Adventure seeking represents the desire to engage in sports or other physically risky activities that provide unusual sensations of speed or defiance of gravity, such as scuba diving or skiing. Experience seeking involves seeking of novel sensations and experience through the mind and senses, as arousing music, even psychedelic drugs, art and travel. Disinhibition describes the seeking sensations through drinking, partying, gambling and sexual variety. Items of this scale indicate seeking of stimulation through other persons. Boredom susceptibility items indicate intolerance for repetitive experience of any kind including routine work and boring people. 3. Excitement related to risk Can we relate look for excitement to risk? Is it a relation? Or can you have excitement without taking risks? If you relate excitement to extreme sport you can answer this question with yes. Besides this perspective, (Highhouse 1996) showed a view from the perspective of society. He uppers that risk could also be taken by threats and opportunities. Threats are related to loss and opportunities are related to gain. (Highhouse 1996) Present an interesting empirical study. This study concludes that people want to take risks but there is a clear leverage beneficial to threats. This basically means that i.e. Program A 400 people will die. Program B 1/3 probability that nobody will die 2/3 probability that 600 people will die. According to Highhouse people will chose for program A. The results typically reveal a framing effect with choices involving gains revealing more risk aversion. The example shows that not always excitement can be related to risk. This test clearly showed that people are risk avoidance. They dont grap the excitement to win 400 lives in fact they chose for not loosing another 200 people. According to (Zuckerman) sensation seeking is always related to risk he wrote biosocial trait of sensation seeking as a predictor of risk-taking behavior. There are good reasons for this as the sensation-seeking motive can illuminate why some people take risks and others do not, and several studies have shown the validity of the concept in this field. Zuckerman related to this concept , behavioral expressions of sensation seeking have not only been found in various kinds of risk-taking behaviors such as driving habits, gambling, health, financial activities, alcohol and drug use, sexual behavior and sports but the trait was found to be also involved in vocational preferences and choices, jobs satisfaction, social; premarital and marital relationships, eating habits and food preferences, creativity, humor, fantasy, media and art preferences and social attitudes. This list of Zuckerman covers all the four sub factors of the definition ‘look for excitement. 4. Extreme sports Many philosophers have askes themselves the questions: ‘what makes sport sport? and ‘what makes sports populair? Like ‘normal or ‘mainstream (Rinehart, 2005) sports, ‘alternative or ‘extreme sports are described by the use of these words while they are never clearly defined. In literature there has not yet been a comprehensive definition, although some have tried. Tamboer Steenbergen (2004) have proposed that sports can be seen from two different perspectives: from its autonomy and from its institutional embeddedness. For the use of this paper the difference between sports and extreme sports is explored by using these perspectives. Extreme sport and its autonomy Bernard Suits describes sport as similar to game and play, and he came up with the following definition (Meier, 1988): ‘to play a game is to engage in an activity directed towards bringing about a specific state of affairs (1), using only means permitted by rules (2), where the rules prohibit more efficient in favor of less efficient means (3), and where such rules are accepted just because they make possible such activity (4). This somewhat philosophic definition can be clarified by an extreme sport example. In downhill mountainbiking a competitor has to follow a specified set out course (1), he is only allowed to use a mountainbike which is approved by the competition organization (2), the course set out by the organization is more difficult than the easiest way down (3) but all competitors apply to these rules because this is the game/sport they are playing Meier (1988) wanted to distinguish sport from game and added a fifth element to the definitions. This fifth element is the demonstration of physical skill. Extreme sports can even better be described by this definition (i.e. think of all the extreme sports with a jury like halfpipe snowboarding, skateboarding, BMX, freestyle windsurfing), but there remain some characteristics which could make extreme sports different from other sports. Most sports that people call extreme are associated with taking (physical) risk. Extreme sports are about the mastering of a skill (Willig, 2008) to overcome the risks mostly caused or provided by the environment. Mastering a skill is highly individual and this makes extreme sports very indivually aimed sports. There is not even a need for an opponent in most cases because it is about the person mastering a skill or overcoming the dangers of the environment, the environment can be seen as the opponent. In extreme sport there are less rules then in many other sport. The natural surroundings make obstacles. This makes the second element in Suits definition of sports less appropriate for extreme sports (i.e. offpiste skiing or snowboarding this is often the most efficient way down). The risk that is associated with extreme sports could be a factor that makes these sports more exciting or more sensational than other sports (or other activities). Also the environment in which these sports take place can account for the feeling of excitement and therefore be a reason to do an extreme sport. Extreme sports and its institutional embeddedness The national and international championships that are organized for many kinds of extreme sports show that there is an institutional embeddedness. Mountainbiking and windsurfing are even at the Olympic sports and are regularly seen on TV. According to Rinehart (2003) extreme sport is mostly developed by young people who are looking for excitement. After this first phase entrepreneurs starting to get in the sport by two ways: firstly businesses develop gear and products, which reduce the risk of an extreme sport. And secondly the sport becomes popular by magazines and TV programs. The results of entrepreneurs who enter the extreme sport is that it becomes popular in general and possible to do for the safe society. A second distinction between extreme sport and a mainstream sport is that the persons who are doing extreme sports aligning themselves with sport in addition to a lifestyle. Which again opens a new market for business ventures and entrepreneurs i.e. clothes and drinks such a s Red bull. These institutions want something to say about the sport. They all profit when extreme sports becomes bigger. There will be more media attention, more sponsors, and more people to buy their products. Extreme sport is highly dependent on expensive material, so as for instance in cycling good material is a never ending business. Could this be the reason for the problem Elias and Dunning proposed? As mentioned in the introduction extreme sports are often done by the ‘richer members of society. This is easily explained by the highly dependence of expensive materials. The members that can afford to escape the routinized boring society. Extreme sport is surrounded by the concept of lifestyle. Extreme sport is not just participating in the sport activity but also in de kind of life that is a part of this sport. In many of these sports, but for instance bicycle motorcross (BMX) and surfing, ‘chilling is a part of the lifestyle. This lifestyle can be seen in de clothe s that people wear, the drinks, the shoes, sunglasses and caps or scarfs. 5. Participation in extreme sports Because it seems extreme sport has become very populair but is also associated with risk (for physical harm or even death) there is the question: ‘Why do people want to participate in extreme sport? Extreme sport seems to distinquish themselves from other sport because of the risk involved. Could it be possible that participators do so because of the risk? And do they need this in order to escape our (boring) safety-orientated society? Taking risk is associated with thrill- and sensation-seeking behavior. This would mean that people are taking risk because of the excitement that comes with it. As mentioned before, in Zuckermans definition of sensation risk-taking behavior is not an essential part, people are only willing to take the risk to experience the sensation. It is possible to experience excitement without risk. Whether people want to experience excitement with or without risk is dependent from the situation. Highhouse (1996) showed risk is perceived as an opportunity when in a loss position, but as a threat when in a gain position. Perceptions of threat or opportunity could have effects on risk taking (Highhouse, 1996). Catar (2006) proposes there is a difference between real risk and perceived risk. Real risk a numerical estimation of the likelihood of an event and perceived risk is influenced by cultural factors. In adventure tourism (activities like bungeejumping, raften, paragliding, etc.) 94% of the participants found there was a very low or non-existent possibility for los, which ment that almost everybody thought the activity was without risk (Catar, 2006). Besides this, the participants evaluate the activities in relation tot the risk of everyday experiences, like driving a car at high speed (Catar, 2006). There can be concluded that de perceivement of risk is dependent on situational factors, and that people do not seek risk but the experience of sensation. Catar (2006) states: ‘Although participants are safe in this knowledge of an outcome, there is no knowlegde as to what the experience might feel like, which is where the attraction really lies. This experience might be so different from everyday experiences, and in combination with an outstanding environmental view the reason for people to participate in extreme sport. At this point rises the question wheter extreme sport is still extreme without the risks involved. And do the experience and environment make extreme sport different from other sports? There are also empirical data which raise questions about the theory that the quest for the excitement of sports is an escape from the routines of modern life. If this is the case, and it certainly seems plausible, how can we explain the well-attested fact that the advantaged rather than the disadvantaged members of society are more likely to do and to watch sports? In other words, those whose lives are least routinized, e.g., professionals, are more likely to seek excitement in sports than those whose lives are most routinized, e.g., factory workers. Perhaps the answer lies in the kinds of sports that are popular with different groups of people. Before people participate in new activities there are two very important elements that must be met. First, people have to be aware of the existence of the activity and the possibility to participate. And, secondly, people have to be in the circumstances that it is possible for them to participate in terms of time, skill, and money. Most extreme sports are quite new and many people are probably unaware of the existence of these activities. By television, advertisments, and stories from friends they become acquinted with the new sports. But before people decide to take part in these sports they have to be in de right circumstances to do so. Most material is very expensive, and there are many sports that cannot be done anywhere. For mountainbiking their have to be tracks or a natural environment, for skiing snowy mountains are needed, for surfing their have to be big waves etc. People who are looking for these circumstances can probably be called sensation-seekers. Donnelly (2006) point out that the way in which research has been done on extreme sports often only includes the core participants. Their mode of participation has come to be called ‘authentic in contrast to the participation of so-called wannabes, posers and nonparticipants. Their relationship with extreme sport is a commercial one. The identification with extreme sport relies for a big part on the adoption of the related lifestyle (Donnelly, 2006). This points out what big influence media, advertisements and groups have on people. And it shows that there are very different kinds of people who participate in extreme sport. Of course this is also the reason why there isnt a simple answer to the question why people do extreme sport. Extreme sport may be so popular in contrast to other sport because most participants are attracted to the lifestyle, the products and may not even be practising the sport itself. 6. Are extreme sports under influence of the safety-orientated society? It could be concluded from chapter 5 that there is a safety-orientated society because people are looking for safety. It is not only our society, but people arent looking for the risk of death of great physical harm. When there are many people who want to take part in extreme sports, safety has to be guaranteed. But when extreme sport becomes safer, there will be more people who want to take part. It seems extreme sport has a very succesfull image which has been made by media and companies. Advertisements and the way the media shows extreme sport make it sound very exciting. But these sports also have a lifestyle that is known as chilling and relaxing. Not only the sport itself but also the special places to go for participating in that sport make it also special and exciting. In this way extreme sport mirrors our safety orientated society. Because the risks have decreased, and physical safety is assured, people can seek their needed thrills and sensation in extreme sport. Conclusion Does a safety-orientated society make people want to look for excitement in for example extreme sports? Our safety-orientated society makes it possible for all kinds of people to seek excitement in extreme sports. Implications Government: If you want excitement then please do an extreme sport instead of experimenting drugs and alcohol because being physically active keeps you healthy and thats safe! References Donnelly, M. (2006). Studying extreme sports: beyond the core participants. Journal of sport and social issues, 30, 219 Elias, N. Dunning, E. (1986). Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process. Oxford, Basil Blackwell Fulker, Eysenck Zuckerman, M. (1980). A Genetic and Environmental Analysis JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 14, 261-281 Highhouse, S. Yuce, P. (1996). Perspectives, perceptions, and risk-taking behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 65, 159-167 http://www.xtremesport4u.com/extreme-sport/extreme-sport-growing-in-popularity/ http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/143916/surge-in-popularity-of-extreme-sports Meier, K.V. (1988). Triad Trickery: Playing With Sport and Games. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, XV, 11-30. Nansen (1927) ‘Adventure, in G. Breivik, THE QUEST FOR EXCITEMENT AND THE SAFE SOCIETY, journ. Safety science Potgieter, J., Bisschoff, F., 1990. Sensation seeking among medium and low risk sports. Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, 1203_/1206. Stranger, M. (1999). The aesthetics of risk. A study of surfing. International review for the sociology of sport, 34 (3), 265-276 Tamboer, J. Steenbergen, J. (2004). Sportfilosofie. Nederland, Budel: Uitgeverij DAMON. Willig, C. (2008). A phenomenological investigation of the experience of taking part in extreme sports. Journal of health psychology, 13, 690 Zuckerman, M., 1983. Sensation seeking and sports. Personality and Individual Differences 4, 285_/292. Zuckerman, M., 1994. Behavioral Expression and Biosocial Bases of Sensation Seeking. Cambridge University Press, New York. Zuckerman, M. (1979): Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Ruch, W. Zuckerman M. ( ). Sensation seeking in adolescence. 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